Question

【题目】A new set of brain images shows why : Reading the Roman alphabets and Chinese characters uses different parts of the brain.

The results also suggest that Chinese schoolchildren have reading problems in a different part of the brain used in reading alphabet-based languages. This shows that the learning disorder dyslexia ( inability to read properly) is not the same in very culture and does not have a universal biological cause.

Scientists described the results as “ very important and revolutionary”. While dyslexia has certain common roots, they said, they now have some proof that this kind of functional problem works differently according to the different demands that Western and Eastern languages place on the brain.

Dyslexia is a common developmental disorder in which people of normal intelligence have difficulty learning to read, spell and master other language skills.

The results suggest that treating dyslexia around the world probably will require different treatments.

“Reading is complex,” said Guinevere Eden, Georgetown University professor. “ This shows we need to be more open-minded about diverse treatment approaches.”

Its origins are complex. There appears to be a genetic aspect to the illness. It also may result from brain injury before birth that changes visual and hearing pathways in the brain.

Earlier brain scans show that English-reading dyslexics don’t function properly in a left part of the brain associated with the awareness of 44 sounds from the English alphabet. However, according to the new study, reading Chinese uses some different parts of the brain located in the left-front of the brain. It is associated with symbol interpretation. Unlike alphabet letters, Chinese characters represent entire thoughts and physical objects.

Dyslexia

Definition	A learning 【1】 in which people of average IQ find it 【2】to learn to read and acquire other language skills
Origins	Genetic causes or brain 【3】 before birth, which affects 【4】 and hearing abilities
Finding of the earlier study	【5】reading dyslexics don’t function properly in a left part of the brain
Discovery of the new study	Reading Chinese uses the 【6】part of the brain
Conclusion	Reading Roman alphabets and reading Chinese characters place different 【7】on the brain. Dyslexia is not the same in every 【8】and does not have the same 【9】roots.
【10】	Dyslexia needs to be treated in different ways

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】disorder/problem

【2】difficult/ hard

【3】injury/damage

【4】visual

【5】English/Alphabet

【6】left-front

【7】demands/requirements

【8】culture

【9】biological

【10】Solution

【解析】新的大脑影像显示，阅读罗马字母和汉字使用大脑的不同部位。这表明对不同文化中的学习障碍解决方法是不同的，文章就学习障碍进行了分析，并提出了一些解决方法。

考察学生的词汇，语法运用，以及对文章的整体理解能力。

【1】这是表述的是Dyslexia的定义。根据文章Dyslexia is a common developmental disorder in which people of normal intelligence have difficulty learning to read, spell and master other language skills. Dyslexia是一种普通的发展失调，在这种状态中，正常智力的人们学会读、拼写以及掌握语言技能都有苦难。对应题目中给的句子A learning ____1____ in which people of average IQ find it ___2___to learn to read and acquire other language skills可知这里第一空用单词disorder/problem。

【2】对应句子…people of normal intelligence have difficulty learning to read, spell and master other language skills.… 正常智力的人们学会读、拼写以及掌握语言技能都有苦难。可知正常智力的人们发现学会读以及获得其他语言技能困难。故这里用单词difficult/ hard。

【3】这里陈述的是读写困难的起因。根据倒数第二段的内容Its origins are complex. There appears to be a genetic aspect to the illness. It also may result from brain injury before birth that changes visual and hearing pathways in the brain.可知读写困难的起因很复杂。可能是基因方面的疾病。也可能有出生前的大脑伤害导致。故用名词injury/damage。

【4】根据倒数第二段内容It also may result from brain injury before birth that changes visual and hearing pathways in the brain.可知由于出生前的脑部受损会改变大脑中视觉和听力路径。故这里用单词visual。

【5】第5小题所在的句子陈述了早期研究的发现。对应文章最后一段的句子Earlier brain scans show that English-reading dyslexics don’t function properly in a left part of the brain associated with the awareness of 44 sounds from the English alphabet.可知用单词English/Alphabet。

【6】第6小题所在的句子描述的是新研究发现。对应文章最后一段reading Chinese uses some different parts of the brain located in the left-front of the brain. “阅读汉字使用的是位于大脑左前方的不同部分”可知这里用单词left-front。

【7】Reading Roman alphabets and reading Chinese characters place different ___7___on the brain.阅读罗马字母和阅读汉字对大脑有不同的----。对应文章中的句子this kind of functional problem works differently according to the different demands that Western and Eastern languages place on the brain. 这种功能上的问题根据东西方语言在大脑位置的不同要求用不同的工作方式。故这里用单词demands/requirements。

【8】根据第二段内容This shows that the learning disorder dyslexia ( inability to read properly) is not the same in very culture …可知读写困难在每种文化中是不同的，故此空用culture。

【9】根据第二段内容This shows that the learning disorder dyslexia ( inability to read properly) is not the same in very culture and does not have a universal biological cause.可知读写困难在每种文化中是不同的，并没有一般的生物学原因。故此空用biological。

【10】Dyslexia needs to be treated in different ways读写困难需要用不同的方式治疗。说的是治疗方法层面的句子。故此空用单词Solution。