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    Mulch is a protective cover of material that is spread on top of soil.It is usually made out of organic material, like crop waste.Farmers may keep the remains of maize or other crops on top of the soil.This creates mulch on the soil surface.The plant remains help protect the soil against wind and water damage.Mulching is one of the best things people can do for their plants.It also helps keep the soil from getting dry, and reduces the need for watering plants.It also limits temperature changes in the soil.And it stops unwanted plants, or weeds，from growing.
    Organic mulch improves the condition of soil.As the mulch breaks down, it provides material which keeps the soil from getting hard.This improves the growth of roots and increases the movement of water through the soil.It also improves the ability of the soil to hold water. Organic mulch contains nutrients for plants.It also provides a good environment for earthworms and other helpful organisms in the soil.
    It is easy to find organic mulch materials.Cut­up leaves and small pieces of tree bark can be used.Grass cuttings are also a good mulch for plants. Mulch from newspapers works well in controlling weeds.
    The best time to add mulch depends on your goal.Mulch provides a thick barrier between the soil and the air.This helps to reduce temperature changes in the soil. As a result，mulched soil will be cooler than other soil in the summer.In winter, the mulched soil may not freeze as deeply as other soil.The best time is after the ground has frozen, but before the coldest weather arrives.Spreading mulch before the ground has frozen may attract small animals searching for a warm place to spend the winter.Delaying the spreading should prevent this problem.The animals will probably find another place to live.
    小题1:The author tells us the following EXCEPT________.
    A．what mulch is and its benefits
    B．the best time to add mulch
    C．what can be mulched on the soil surface
    D．the bad effects of mulch
    小题2:The following can be used as organic materials to make mulch EXCEPT________.
    A．tree barksB．cut­up leaves
    C．grass cuttingsD．plastic
    小题3:Which of the following is the benefit of mulch?
    A．Protecting the soil against wind and water damage.
    B．Keeping the soil wet and reducing the need for watering plants.
    C．Reducing temperature changes in the soil and stopping unwanted weeds
    growing.
    D．All of the above.
    小题4:The main idea of Paragraph 2 is that organic mulch can________.
    A．improve the condition of soil
    B．improve the ability of the soil to hold water
    C．provide a good environment for earthworms
    D．improve the growth of roots and increase the movement of water through the
    soil
    小题5:From the last paragraph, we know ________.
    A．the best time to add mulch is in spring and summer
    B．the best time to add mulch is after the coldest weather arrives
    C．the best time to add mulch depends on weather
    D．choosing the best time to add mulch can avoid attracting small animals

    小题1:D
    小题2:D
    小题3:D
    小题4:A
    小题5:D
    本文属于科普说明文，介绍覆盖物尤其是有机覆盖对土壤和植物等的积极作用。
    小题1:解析　细节理解题。一、二两段介绍了什么是覆盖物以及它的各种好处，如限制土壤温度变化，保持土壤湿润等，故A项正确；第三段讲了什么东西可成为覆盖物，如树叶等，故C项正确；最后一段讲了给土壤盖覆盖物的最佳时间，B项也正确。只有D项“覆盖物的不利影响”文中没有提到。
    答案　D
    小题2:解析　细节理解题。根据文章第一、三段可知，有机材料(organic materials)包括A、B、C三项。
    答案　D
    小题3:解析　细节理解题。根据文章第一段信息可知A、B、C三项都是覆盖物的好处，故选D。
    答案　D
    小题4:解析　段落理解题。此段首句为中心句，B、C、D三项均为A项的支持信息。
    答案　A
    小题5:解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段和全文可知A项说法不全面；根据“The best time is after the ground has frozen，but before the coldest weather arrives.”可知B错误；根据最后一段首句可知C错误；根据最后一段最后三句可知D正确。
    答案　D
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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

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    B．the second sentence of the paragraph
    C．the third sentence of the paragraph
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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：完形填空

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解



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    小题1:What can we learn from Paragraph l?
    A. Driverless vehicles are now legal in the whole USA.
    B. Volvo will be the first to sell driverless cars.
    C. Driverless cars are pointing us' a faraway future.
    D. Google's self-driving cars have covered a long distance.
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    A．helped design self-driving cars.
    B．supports self-driving cars on roads.
    C．considers self-driving cars science fiction.
    D．improved the self-driving car systems.
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    C．They can make cars run without fuel.
    D．They can help cars run much faster.
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    A．They are not allowed to run on the road.
    B．Their technical problems remain to be solved.
    C．They are now too expensive for consumers.
    D．They are more dangerous for people on the street.
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    A．The benefits of the self-driving cars.
    B．The biggest challenge of the self-driving cars.
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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    Chinese scientists have found a new way to use cells found in human urine （尿液）that could aid in the treatment of a range of nerve disorders.That is a new technique for reprogramming cells in human urine into nerve progenitor cells  that can grow into multi-functional nerve and brain cells.
    The technique is expected to be used in the study and treatment of nerve disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and other nerve disorders.
    Pei Duanqing, a professor at Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, said his research team has combined an episomal system to deliver reprogramming factors with a chemically defined culture medium to reprogram kidney epithelial(肾表皮) cells in urine into NPCs.
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    "These nerve and brain cells can survive for up to one month when transplanted into the brain of a newborn rat," said Pei. "My team is working hard to understand why our experimental condition allowed the urine cells to become NPCs, because we want to improve the technique and make it more efficient".
    Scientists have long searched to treat and study neural disorders by obtaining and transplanting neural stem cells. However, the previous method of getting and using cells from either fetal (胎儿)or adult human tissue remains challenging due to ethical concerns and immune system rejections, he said.
    Pei hopes the discovery will be used to generate NPCs from patients with nerve disorders such as Parkinson's disease. "These NPCs from patients may help us discover new drugs for these diseases."
    "It is a remarkable advance in the stem cell field. The results and methods obtained from this study will be of great value and significance to the field, " said Fred Gage,a professor with the Salk Institute for Biological Studies.
    小题1:What is the passage mainly about?
    A．NPCs are beneficial in treating human diseases.
    B．Chinese scientists succeeded in making NPCs from human urine.
    C．Chinese scientists have found cures for all diseases.
    D．A new technique was used to study the use of human urine
    小题2:Pei and his tean try their best to work hard in order to      .
    A．make more contributions to medical study
    B．discover another new technique
    C．make the technique more perfect
    D．treat more patients suffering from bad diseases
    小题3:What is the challenge of making NPCs in the previous method?
    A．The ethical comcerns and immune system refusal
    B．The difificulties in getting cells from human.
    C．The under-developed techniques in medical science.
    D．The lack of financial support from the government.
    小题4:From the last paragraph we can infer      .
    A．the new technique will be developed in science
    B．the results and methods will be applied to treating cancers
    C．the study will give a major push to the stem cell field
    D．the mew technique will bring great profis

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    In the new book The Education of Millionaires，Michael Ellsberg suggests that although“there are many wonderful things you can learn in college，”few of them are applied to real life ．So Ellsberg has written the book to tell“the capabilities and attitudes that will get you improved outside the classroom．”
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    小题1:In the book The Education of Millionaires，Michael Ellsberg＿＿＿．
    A．approves of the value of education
    B．explains the reasons for dropping out
    C．tells the way of getting out of college
    D．discusses the practical value of college degrees
    小题2:The second paragraph suggests a fact that＿＿＿＿
    A．the value of higher education is never challenged
    B．higher education ensures people making more money
    C．most of the richest people received college education
    D．success of dropouts proves the value of higher education
    小题3:From the last paragraph we can learn that the author＿＿＿
    A．is keen on society charity workB．calls for the equality of all man
    C．speaks highly of the nation’s elitesD．shows respect to common people
    小题4:The passage is written mainly to．＿＿＿
    A．persuade people to go to university
    B．make a comment on a new book
    C．complain about the college education
    D．praise Michael Ellsberg for his hard work

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    Monkeys prefer heavy metal to classical music, according to researchers at the University of Wisconsin whose findings are published this week in Biology Letters.
    Scientists played a selection of music to a group of South American cotton-top monkeys but the only sound that got a reaction were from the heavy metal band Metallica. They were seemingly disinterested in Led Zeppelin, Miles Davis and Bach, but after the beautiful sound of Master of Puppets by Metallica was played the monkeys calmed down.
    "Monkeys interpret rising and falling sounds differently than humans. Oddly, their only response to several samples of human music was a calming response to the heavy-metal band Metallica," said Professor Charles Snowdon, from the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
    Rather than making them excited or aggressive, the heavy metal tracks had a comforting effect. Dr Snowdon, who teamed up with National Symphony Orchestra musican David Teie, also played the monkeys music composed specifically for them. Although they enjoyed Metallica, they were much more interested in these pieces.
    A melody(乐曲) based on the short calls of scared monkeys led to anxiety levels rapidly growing, researchers found, while one based on long calls the creatures make when they are happy had a calming effect.
    Frans B.M. de Waal, a professor of psychology at Emory University who studies animals, said the findings appear to say more about how monkeys respond to the sounds they make than they do about music or the evolution of music.
    Dr Snowdon no longer has a monkey colony to use in his research, but he said his co-author David Teie is exploring the concept of music for cats.
    "If we understand how we can affect their emotional states through using musical sound and aspects of our speech, maybe those of us living with companion animals can have a better relationship with them, too," Snowdon said.
    小题1:The research mentioned in the passage is mainly about ______.
    A．the change of music over timeB．animals’ response to music
    C．special music for animalsD．the origin of music
    小题2:When the monkeys heard the music they liked, they ______.
    A．looked anxiousB．became restless
    C．felt at easeD．made long calls
    小题3:According to the passage, the monkeys are most interested in the music ______.
    A．of Led ZeppelinB．of Miles Davis
    C．of MetallicaD．specially composed for them
    小题4:The aim of the research, according to Professor Snowdon, is to ______.
    A．build better ties between animals and humans
    B．compare monkeys and cats in term of music
    C．develop new music based on animals’ calls
    D．find better ways to keep animals under control

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