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    For a writer, there is hardly any greater honor than winning the Nobel Prize for literature.
    And for a woman writer, claiming the prize is even harder, for only eight women once won it. Austria’s Elfriede Jelinek is the ninth and the first since 1996.
    The Stockholm-based Swedish Academy announced last Thursday that Jelinek won this year’s Nobel Prize in literature. She is recognized for her socially critical(批判的) novels and plays.
    Jelinek, 57, made her literary debut (初次露面) in 1967. She has written plays, novels and poetry. She is best known for her autobiographical 1983 novel “The Piano Teacher”, made into a movie in 2001.
    The basic theme of her work is the inability of women to live as people beyond the roles and personalities traditionally expected of them. Her characters struggle to lead lives not normally acceptable in society. “The nature of Jelinek’s texts is often hard to define. They shift between prose(散文) and poetry and songs, they contain theatrical scenes and film script,” said the academy.
    The Nobel Prize was founded by Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel. Nobel died in 1896 and left his fortune of about US $920 million to a fund to honor people who have helped other human beings. This year each prize is worth US $13 million.
    小题1: The underlined word “them” in the last second paragraph refers to _______.
    A．rolesB．peopleC．textsD．women
    小题2:Elfrede Jelinek won the Nobel Prize just because _______.
    A．she was an Austrian woman writer
    B．she wrote socially critical novels and plays
    C．her novel “The Piano Teacher” was made into a movie
    D．the nature of her texts is hard to define.
    小题3: Which of the following about the Nobel Prize is TRUE?
    A．It is harder for a woman writer to win than a man writer.
    B．The total prize every year was $920 million.
    C．Women writers were not awarded until 1996.
    D．Only eight women writers won the prize since 1996.
    小题4:This passage is most likely taken from _______.
    A．a travel magazineB．a history bookC．a newspaperD．an advertisement

    小题1:D           
    小题1:B
    小题1:A
    小题1:C
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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    We know the famous ones—the Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bells —but what about the less famous inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper(雨刮器)？Shouldn’t we know who they are?
    Joan Mclean think so. In fact, Mclean, a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range, feels so strongly about this matter that she’s developed a course on the topic. In addition to learning “who” invented “what”, however, Mclean also likes her students to learn the answers to the “why” and ”how” questions. According to Mclean,” When students learn the answers to these questions, they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.”
    So, just what is the story behind the windshield wiper? Well, Mary Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to New York City. The day was cold and stormy, but Anderson still wanted to see the sights, so she jumped aboard a streetcar. Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield, she found herself wondering why there couldn’t be a built-in device for cleaning the window. Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham, Alabama, Anderson started drafting out solutions. One of her ideas, a lever(操作杆)on the inside of a vehicle that would control an arm on the outside, became the first windshield wiper.    
    Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations，It’s hard to imagine driving without Garrett A. Morgan’s traffic light. It’s equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J. Blodgett’s innovation that makes glass invisible, Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?
    小题1:By mentioning “traffic light” and “windshield wiper”, the author indicates that countless inventions are      .
    A．beneficial, because their inventors are famous
    B．beneficial, though their inventors are less famous
    C．not useful, because their inventors are less famous
    D．not useful, though their inventors are famous
    小题2:Professor Joan McLean’s course aims to_____.
    A．add colour and variety to students’ campus life
    B．inform students of the windshield wiper’s invention
    C．carry out the requirements by Mountain University
    D．prepare students to try their own invention
    小题3:Tommy Lee’s invention of the unbreakable umbrella was _________.
    A．not eventually accepted by the umbrella producer
    B．inspired by the story behind the windshield wiper
    C．due to his dream of being caught in a rainstorm
    D．not related to Professor Joan McLean’s lectures
    小题4:Which 0f the following can best serve as the title of this passage?
    A  How to Help Students to Sell Their Inventions to Producers?
    B  How to Design a Built-in Device for Cleaning the Window?
    C  Shouldn’t We Know Who Invented the Windshield Wiper?
    D  Shouldn’t We Develop Invention Courses in Universities?  

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    Skeptics are a strange lot. Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment, and they are tired of people who disagree with them. Those people, say skeptics, spread nothing but bad news about the environment. The “eco-guilt” brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews.
    Perhaps that explain why a new book by Bjorn Lomborg received so much publicity. That book, The Skeptical Environmentalist, declares that it measures the “real state of the world” as fine. Of course, another explanation is the deep pockets some big businesses with special interests. Indeed, Mr. Lomborg’s views are similar to those of some Industry-funded organizations, which start huge activities though the media to confuse the public about issues like global warming.
    So it was strange to see Mr. Lomborg’s book go largely unchallenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions. One national newspaper in Canada ran a number of articles and reviews full of words of praise, even with the conclusion that “After Lomborg, the environmental movement will begin to die down.”
    Such one-sided views should have immediately been challenged. But only a different review appeared in Nature, a respected science magazine with specific readership. The review remarked that Mr. Lomborg’s “preference for unexamined materials is incredible (不可信的)”。
    A critical (批判的) eye is valuable, and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions. Unfortunately, that is often inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interests. People might become half-blind before a world partially exhibited by the media. That’s a shame, because matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly.
    小题1: According to the passage, which of the following may be regarded as “skeptics”?
    A．People who agree on the popularity of “eco-guilt”.
    B．People who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet.
    C．People who dislike the harmful effect of human activities.
    D．People who spread comforting news to protect our environment.
    小题2:Which of the following can be a reason for the popularity of Lomborg’s books?
    A．Some big businesses intend to protect their own interests.
    B．The book challenges views about the fine state of the world.
    C．The author convinces people to seek comforting worldviews.
    D．Industry–funded media present confusing information.
    小题3:The author mentioned the review in Nature in order to_____.
    A．voice a different opinion
    B．find fault with Lomborg’s book
    C．challenge the authority of the media
    D．point out the value of scientific views.
    小题4:What is the author’s main purpose in writing the passage?
    A．To encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye.
    B．To warn the public of the danger of half–blindness with reviews.
    C．To blame the media’s lack of responsibility in presenting information.
    D．To show the importance of presenting overall information by the media.

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    I am sure that everybody in his/her life has used computers. Nowadays you can feel their presence everywhere at home，at school，at work and they certainly make life easier．On the other hand，there are people who can’t work with them．
    Anyway，I believe their presence is a good thing. Life with them seems easier, less difficult and more comfortable You can use them to choose your meal，to withdraw your money, and also save your time，because these operations are all controlled by computers. Therefore you can hardly imagine the modern world without them；the whole planet seems to be one big computer society．
    Nevertheless，problems can often appear in this area, too．To have a computer means you have to be quite well－off and have the necessary skills to use it．However，think about questions like “Are computers so available for everyone, or rich and poor people，for people from villages and people from cities. Aren’t they too expensive？Is everyone able to learn how to use them and not everyone has the chance to access and work with them，how could everything in the future be dependent on them？”Therefore，I think our society will be split into two parts．One part will work with them and enjoy the benefits that computers can bring and the other part will be pushed out and will actually be far behind the other group．
    Another question that bothers me is，on the one hand，computers are important  and good things in our life，but they aren’t everything．They are good as a help at school，quite often as entertainment，especially for young people，as an necessary tool to help in research etc，but I think we shouldn’t be so dependent on them，because computers are only machines and machines can’t feel anything be human and sympathetic，and every action performed by computer can be interfered with another person，which could cause these machines to crash or work badly．
    In conclusion，I would like to say I am not against computers．I use computers，too，but people should be wary all the time．
    小题1:By saying “wary”（In the last paragraph）,the writer is trying to say “People should_______.
    A．be strongly for the use of computers because of its convenience
    B．be careful with computers that will also cause problems
    C．master more necessary computer skills
    D．not do something that causes computers to work badly
    小题2:Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage？

    小题3: In the third paragraph，the author presents his idea by________
    A．asking questions for people to think about
    B．giving examples to support his argument
    C．raising questions and answering them
    D．expressing his opinion directly
    小题4: The writer’s main purpose in writing the passage is__________
    A．to encourage us to use computers in our society
    B．to advise us to say no to computers from now on
    C．to remind us to care about the problems that computers bring.
    D．to inform us that the computer has become a necessary part of our life

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    Grandparents might be known for spoiling grandchildren, but a new study says they might also be helping the kids improve their social skills and behavior.
    Spending time with grandma and grandpa especially appears to help children from single-parent, divorced/separated or stepfamily households, according to the report, published in the February Journal of Family Psychology.
    "Grandparents are a positive force for all families but play a significant role in families undergoing difficulties," the study's lead author, Shalhevet Attar-Schwartz, of The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, said in an American Psychological Association news release. "They can reduce the negative influence of parents separating and be a resource for children who are going through these family changes."
    In interviewing 11- to 16-year olds from England and Wales, Attar-Schwartz and her team found that the more conversations the youths had with a grandparent, including asking for advice or even money, the better they got along with their peers and the fewer problems they had, such as hyperactivity and disruptive behavior.
    "This was found across all three family structures," she said. "But adolescents in single-parent households and stepfamilies benefited the most. The effect of their grandparents' involvement was stronger compared to children from two biological parent families."
    The study did not look at children who lived solely with their grandparents, though.
    The findings have great implications for people in the United States, the authors said, because American grandparents are increasingly sharing living space with their grandchildren. A 2004 U.S. Census Bureau survey found that more than 5 million households include a grandparent and a grandchild under 18, up 30 percent since 1990, according to background information in the news release.
    小题1:It is generally believed that a grandmother __________ .
    A．can help a child through hard times
    B．can help kids develop social skills
    C．can spoil a child
    D．is a positive force for all families
    小题2: According to the passage, grandparents will be of least benefit to a child __________ .
    A．from two biological parent families
    B．from a single—parent household
    C．from a divorced household
    D．from a stepfamily household
    小题3:A child who asks his grandmother for money will __________ .
    A．have difficulty in getting along with his peers
    B．still get along well with his peers
    C．be easier to be spoiled than his peers
    D．not be popular with peers
    小题4: We can learn from the last paragraph that ___________ .
    A．there are more families in America undergoing difficulties
    B．American parents are much busier than those from other countries
    C．American grandparents are much better at bringing up their grandchildren
    D．American kids like to share more living space with their grandparents
    小题5: The passage implies that __________ .
    A．children who live solely with their grandparents may benefit the most
    B．grandparents are a source of comfort to children from families undergoing difficulties
    C．grandparents play a more positive role than parents in children’s growth
    D．all families should leave their children to be brought up by grandparents

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卷上将该项涂黑。
    B 
    　Two experts did some experiments on two groups of people — one who tended to sleep less than the
    people around them and the other group more.
    According to their report that the “short sleepers” had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at about age 15 or so, the men automatically began to cut down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school, work, and other activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as bothersome interruptions in their daily routines.
    　　 In general, these “short sleepers” appeared with ambition, active, energetic, cheerful, and conformist (不动摇) in their opinions, and very sure about their career choices. They often held several jobs at once, or even worked full time while going to school. And many of them had a strong urge to appear “acceptable” or “outstanding” to their friends and associates.
    　　When asked to recall their dreams, the “short sleepers” did poorly. More than this, they seemed to prefer not remembering them. In similar fashion, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed, and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away.
    　　The experts also stated that those “long sleepers” were quite different indeed. They reported that those men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were a bit concerned when they were occasionally deprived of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to recall their dreams much better than the “short sleepers did.
    　　Many of the “long sleepers” were shy, anxious, introverted (内向), inhibited (压抑), passive, mildly depressed, and unsure of themselves (particularly in social situations). Several openly express it that being asleep was a good escape from their daily problems.
    All in all, proper time of sleeping should be admired, not too long, neither too short.
    小题1:According to the report, ______.
    A．many “short sleepers” need less sleep just by nature
    B．many “short sleepers” are obliged to reduce sleep time by work
    C．long sleepers sleep a longer period of time during the day
    D．many “long sleepers” formed sleeping habit during childhood
    小题2: Many “short sleepers” are likely to hold the view that ______.
    A．sleep is a very efficient escape from the reality
    B．sleep is just an item which should be denied by them
    C．sleep might be a disturbing thing for their daily business
    D．sleep is the best way to deal with psychological troubles
    小题3: It is stated in the forth paragraph that “short sleepers” ______.
    A．are ideally energetic under the pressures of life
    B．often ignore the ill effect of not enough sleep
    C．do not know how to relax themselves properly
    D．are more unlikely to run into mental problems
    小题4:Which of the following is nearest to the meaning of “… were a bit concerned” in the fifth Para?
    A．appeared troubled B．became energetic
    C．felt dissatisfied D．were much depressed
    小题5:Which of the following is NOT correct according to the passage?
    A．If one sleeps improperly, his performance suffers and his memory is weakened
    B．The sleep patterns of short sleepers are the same as those shown by “long sleepers”
    C．Long and short sleepers differ in their attitudes towards sleep
    D．Short sleepers may have been better off if they have more rest

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    Contrary to many people believe, highly intelligent children are not necessarily certain to achieve academic success. In fact, so-called gifted students may fail to do well because they are unusually smart. Ensuring that a gifted child reaches his or her potential requires an understanding of what can go wrong and how to satisfy the unusual learning requirements of extremely bright young people.
    One common problem gifted kids face is that they, and those around them, place too much importance on being smart. Such an emphasis can encourage a belief that bright people do not have to work hard to do well. Although smart kids may not need to work hard in the lower grades, when the work is easy, they may struggle and perform poorly when the work gets harder because they do not make the effort to learn. If the academic achievement of highly intelligent children remains below average for an extended period, many teachers will fail to recognize their potential. As a result, such students may not get the encouragement they need, further depressing their desire to learn. They may fall far behind in their schoolwork and even develop behavior problems.
    IQ is just one element among many in the recipe for success—Children develop well or struggle in school for a host of reasons apart from IQ. These include motivation and persistence, social competence, and the support of family, educators and friends.
    Because highly gifted children solve the most varied thought problems faster and more thoroughly than those with more average talents do, they need additional intellectual stimulation while they wait for the rest of the kids to learn the basics. Two central approaches are used to satisfy the educational needs of such children: acceleration and enrichment. Acceleration means studying material that is part of the standard subjects for older students. Enrichment involves learning information that falls outside the usual subjects.
    A child might skip one or more grades as a way of accelerating in school. But being with older children for the entire school day—and perhaps for grade-based extracurricular activities such as sports—can make a child feel inferior in every filed outside of academics. One very bright fourth-grader who had skipped two grades remained far ahead of his classmates intellectually, but as his classmates reached adolescence, his social and other shortcomings became painfully apparent. While acceleration is not an option, or not a good one, enrichment can be. After all, school is not a race but an adventure in learning. As such, the goal is not finishing first but absorbing as much knowledge as possible in the time assigned. Thus, providing opportunities for a child to study topics outside the regular subjects can be at least as valuable as pushing him or her through the required material faster.
    小题1:What is the basic reason for the low academic achievement of highly intelligent children?
    A．Teachers’ failure to recognize their potential.
    B．Too much emphasis on being intelligent.
    C．Studying topics outside the regular subjects.
    D．Lack of encouragement from teachers.
    小题2:According to the passage, which of the following belongs to enrichment activities for talented children?
    A．Skipping one of more grades and studying together with older children.
    B．Learning the same material in the standard subjects for older students.
    C．Learning information that is not included in the regular subjects.
    D．Learning how to read with fluency even in their pre-school days.
    小题3:Which of the following statements do you think is true about the writer?
    A．He is in favor of enrichment rather than acceleration.
    B．He is in favor of acceleration rather than enrichment.
    C．He speaks highly of both enrichment and acceleration.
    D．He thinks neither enrichment nor acceleration is a good choice.
    小题4: In this article, the writer wants to ______.
    A．point out the weaknesses of acceleration for gifted children
    B．compare acceleration with enrichment for gifted children
    C．stress the importance of enrichment for gifted children
    D．discuss how to bring out gifted children’s potential

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    We can all contribute to a greener world．Just follow these ten golden rules:
    ●Stop getting junk mail．Billions of junk mail can be sent every year．Half of it is never opened．Get-your name off mailing lists．If 100,000 people stopped getting junk mail today, it would save 150,000 trees a year．
    ●Stop reading newspapers．All over the world, millions of newspapers are thrown away every day, 44 million newspapers in the USA alone —that's half a million trees a week．Either recycle your newspapers or read the hews online．
    ●Buy clothes made from organic materials．Conventional cotton farming seriously pollutes the environment, most of which uses chemical pesticides （农药） and fertilizers． Organic is better!
    ●Switch to solar energy．In one day, the sun will provide enough energy to power the planet．Why aren't we using it?
    ●If you have to drive, share the ride．Most cars in the USA have only one occupant．Also, 25 percent of car rides are less than 1．5 kilometres．Get out and walk!
    ●Unplug your PC, TV and VCR．Simply turning them off isn't enough．Sets left on standby are still using 25 percent of their power．
    ●Hold on to your balloons．Helium-filled balloons which fly away usually end up in a lake or river, where they can choke aquatic (水生的) creatures．Save your balloons and use them again．Or better still, don't use them at all．
    ●Feed the birds．Wild birds need food, especially in v/inter when other sources can be scarce．The greater the range of foodstuffs you put out for them, the more types of birds you will attract．
    ●Plant a garden at your school．Learn the connection between the land and the table．Plant vegetables to eat, flowers to admire and trees to improve the air．
    小题1:.
    What is the main purpose of the passage?
    A．To provide some health advice on how to work．
    B．To suggest some ways how to make full use of solar energy．
    C．To advise protecting environment and saving energy．
    D．To advise on how to recycle waste and save energy．
    小题2:.
    ．The underlined expression "left on standby" in the sixth rule means__   __．
    A．ready to start and use electricityB．ready to be turned off
    C．ready to be repairedD．ready to be．put away
    小题3:.
    ．Which of the following will NOT protect trees from being cut down to make paper?
    A．Not buying newspapers．B．Don't accept junk mail．
    C．Read your newspaper online．D．Read only one newspaper．

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

      Environmental protection is frequently talked about nowadays. The authorities are doing their best to arise the public awareness of the vital importance of the environmental protection. This issue is, indeed, worth following up.
    Environmental protection is closely related not only to our personal life, but also to the entire human race and the world’s further development. For one thing, the environment, in a narrow sense, determines the quality of our individual life. The air we breathe, the water we drink, the food we eat, etc. , all come directly from the environment. If they continue to be contaminated, we may have neither clean water, nor healthy food. For another thing, in a broader sense, the environment plays a decisive role in fate of mankind. As is known to all, the earth, up to now, is human being’s only dwelling place. We can expect that some day we will live on another planet, but I doubt that this day will come earlier than the day when the earth becomes a globe of waste, if we keep damaging the environment. Finally, the environment is essential to the further development of the world. Extensive industrialization, which has brought about all the convenience and facilities we enjoy today, has been depending on the comprehensive exploitation of the earth’s natural resources found in the environment. If we do not protect the environment properly, further development cannot be guaranteed. In a word, to protect the environment is an urgent task.
    Nevertheless, environmental protection is indeed a demanding task. Many people are still, either unconscious of the urgency of the task or deliberately damaging the environment for the interests of their own. Hence, we should adopt severe measures to prohibit people from doing more harms to the environment. Meanwhile, we need to make the gravity of the present situation known to all. In other words, punishment and instruction should be equally emphasized. Only in this way can we look forward to a cleaner and greener world.
    小题1:.
    . What does the underlined word contaminated（in paragraph 2）probably refer to?
    A．pollutedB．protectedC．wastedD．guaranteed
    小题2:.
    The author’s purpose in writing the passage is to ________.
    A．stress the importance of protecting environment
    B．enjoy beautiful environment happily
    C．try to develop our industrialization fast
    D．take severe measures to the environmental destroyers
    小题3:.
    . From the passage we can know that ________.
    A．environmental protection is indeed a demanding task to our government
    B．not all the people in the world realize the urgency of the task
    C．only a few people are damaging the environment on purpose
    D．some day we will live on another planet before the earth is damaged

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