Researchers are reporting the first treatment to speed recovery from severe brain injuries caused by falls and car crashes:a cheap flu medicine-amantadine.whose side benefits were discovered by accide 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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18．Researchers are reporting the first treatment to speed recovery from severe brain injuries caused by falls and car crashes：a cheap flu medicine-amantadine，whose side benefits were discovered by accident decades ago．
Severely injured patients in the United States，Denmark and Germany who were given amantadine got better faster than those who received another medicine．After four weeks，more people in the flu drug group could give reliable yes-and-no answers，follow commands or use a spoon or hairbrush-things that none of them could do at the start．Far fewer patients who got amantadine remained in a vegetative state，17percent versus 32percent．
"This drug moved the needle in terms of speeding patient recovery，and that's not been shown before，"said neuropsychologist（神经心理学家） Joseph Giacino of Boston's Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital，co-leader of the study．He added："It really does provide hope for a population that is viewed in many places as hopeless．"
Many doctors began using amantadine for brain injuries years ago，but until now there's never been a big study to show that it works．The results of the federally（联邦地） funded study appear in Thursday's New England Journal of Medicine．
A neurologist（神经病学家） who wasn't involved in the research called it an important step．But many questions remain，including whether people less severely injured would benefit，and whether amantadine actually improves patients'long-term outcome or just speeds up their recovery．
Each year，an estimated 1.7million Americans suffer a brain injury．With no proven treatment to rely on，doctors have used a variety of medicines approved for other diseases in the hopes that they would help brain injury patients．Those decisions are based on"guesses and logic rather than data"，said Dr．John Whyte，of the Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute in suburban Philadelphia．He led the study along with Giacino．
Amantadine，an inexpensive medicine，was approved for the flu in the mid-1960s．The first hint that it might have other uses came a few years later when it appeared to improve Parkinson's symptoms in nursing home patients．It was found to have an effect on the brain's dopamine system（多巴胺系统），whose many functions include movement and alertness，and it was later approved for Parkinson's．
It's now commonly used for brain injuries，and the researchers felt it was important to find out"whether we're treating patients with a useful drug，a harmful drug or a useless drug，"Whyte said．

74．According to Paragraph 2，the patients in a vegetative state may be those whoD．
A．can follow simple orders
B．recover faster than expected
C．can't breathe on their own
D．show no sign of brain activities
75．According to the passage，Amantadine is a medicine thatC．
A．is useful for flu only
B．is aimed to improve memory
C．speeds up brain injury recovery
D．benefits patients'brain injuries in the long run
76．The aim of the study led by Giacino and Whyte is toB．
A．get enough fund from the federal government
B．prove the effect of Amantadine on brain injuries
C．publish its results in New England Journal of Medicine
D．provide hope for patients considered hopeless in the past
77．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？A
A．Old Drug，Proven Side Benefit
B．Medical Study，New Discovery
C．Severe Brain Injury，Quick Recovery
D．Different Treatment，Obvious Effect．

分析本文主要讲述了一种流感药物--金刚烷胺，以及它的附带作用--加快脑损伤的恢复．植物患者吃了这种药之后，开始恢复并且能够执行简单的命令．它为患者提供了希望，现在被普遍的用于脑损伤的修复治疗．

解答 74．D 推理判断题．根据第二段After four weeks，more people in the flu drug group could give reliable yes-and-no answers，follow commands or use a spoon or hairbrush-things that none of them could do at the start．可知植物人吃了金刚烷胺之后可以执行简单的命令，但他们之前并不能．故选D．
75．C 细节理解题．根据第一段Researchers are reporting the first treatment to speed recovery from severe brain injuries caused by falls and car crashes：a cheap flu medicine-amantadine可知金刚烷胺能够加快脑损伤恢复．故选C．
76．B 推理判断题．根据最后三段可知Giacino和威特对金刚烷胺进行了研究，发现了它对大脑的多巴胺系统有影响．由此可知他们研究的目的是证明金刚烷胺对脑损伤的影响．故选B．
77．A 主旨大意题．本文主要讲述了一种流感药物--金刚烷胺，以及它的附带作用--加快脑损伤的恢复．故选A．

点评本文考察学生的理解推断能力，抓住文章的关键词，采用寻读的方法查找细节，能根据已知的结果推测导致结果的可能原因．

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