分析 本文主要讲述了全球气候变暖加速了植物开花的过程,并会对食物链和生态系统造成长期破坏性的影响,还会导致极端的天气.
科学家认为,预测物种应对气候变化的反应是生态学中所面临的重要挑战;植物一直是研究的主要对象,因为他们对气候变化的反应可能会影响食物链和生态系统服务.在《大自然》网站上发表的研究是通过对横跨四大洲的1634个物种(植物)的生命周期进行的研究和实验,结果表明:一些实验已经低估了开花速度的8.5倍以及漂浮速度的4倍.所以科学家们认为,未来的实验设计可能需要改进,以更好地预测植物如何应对气候变化.科学家们还发现:自1900以来,世界平均气温上升了约0.8度;自1979年以来,气温每10年上升近0.2度,所以为了避免极端天气带来的危险,必须在本世纪防止地球升温超过2℃.
解答 57.B 主旨大意题 通读全文可知第一段是文章的中心段.它主要讲述了植物开花的速度比科学家们在根据气候变化的反应中预测到的速度要快,由此会导致对食物链和生态系统造成长期破坏性的影响;所以,科学家们想传达的主要信息是:植物开花的速度超出了科学家的预期.故选B
58.C 细节理解题 根据第五段"The design of future experiments may need to be improved…to climate change,it said."未来的实验设计可能需要改进,以更好地预测植物将如何应对气候变化"可知,从科学家在《大自然》网站上发表的研究得知,科学家需要改进实验设计.故选C
59.B 细节理解题 根据第三段"They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.他们说,植物一直是研究的主要对象,因为他们对气候变化的反应可能会影响食物链和生态系统服务."和倒数第三段"Plants are necessary for life on the Earth.They are the base of the food chain…植物是地球上生命所必需的,它们是食物链的基础…"可知,科学家们专注对植物的研究的原因是:他们在食物链中很重要.故选B
60.D 主旨大意题 A.自1979以来,气温已上升了近0.2度. B.气温的变化将导致极端天气. C.1979年的气温比1900年高0.8度.D.本世纪气温需要控制在0.2度之内.根据倒数第二段"Scientists believe…nearly 0.2℃every ten years since 1979.科学家们认为,自1900以来,世界平均气温上升了约0.8度;自1979年以来,气温每10年上升近0.2度,"可知,答案A,C都不正确.如果不能正确地概括出本段的主旨大意,本题很容易错选B,本文主要讲述了科学家的一些研究发现:全球气候变暖加速了植物开花的过程,会对食物链和生态系统造成长期破坏性的影响,还会导致极端的天气,所以最后一段是概括了本文的主旨大意:为了避免极端天气带来的危害,必须在本世纪防止地球升温超过2℃.故选D
点评 阅读此类稍有难度的短文,首先一定要通读全文,把握文章的中心思想;其次,针对后面的题目进行细节阅读,从而做出正确地推理和判断.
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Humpback whales are sometimes called performers of the ocean.This is because they can make impressive movements when they dive.The name"humpback",which is the common name for this whale,refers to the typical curve shape the whale's back forms as it dives. Sometimes the humpback will dive with a fantastic movement,known as a breach.During breaching the whale uses its powerful tail flukes to lift nearly two-thirds of its body out of the water in a giant leap.A breach might also include a sideways twist with fins stretched out like wings,as the whale reaches the height of the breach. A humpback whale breathes air at the surface of the water through two blowholes which are located near the top of the head.It blows a double stream of water that can rise up to 4meters above the water. The humpback has a small dorsal fin located towards the tail flukes about two-thirds of the way down its back.Other distinguishing features include large pectoral fins,which may be up to a third of the body length,and unique black and white spots on the underside of the tail flukes.These markings are like fingerprints:no two are the same. Humpback whales live in large groups.They communicate with each other through complex"songs". | Quick Facts | |
Size: | 14m~18m in length 30~50tons in weight | |
Living | Open ocean and shallow coastline waters | |
Environment: | From warm tropical (热带的) waters,where they breed,to cold polar waters,where they eat. | |
Diet: | Shellfish,plants and fish of small size | |
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