People who enjoy a dream-filled sleep are better at recalling information and making links between facts when waking. But recharging with a shallow (小睡) offers no such mental improvement, the research suggests. The results of the study added to the growing body of evidence that Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep is very important to the brain’s ability to form strong memories.
An average night's rest includes four or five spells of REM sleep, but these bursts tend to be lengthier towards the end of the night. This means adults getting less than the recommended seven to eight hours a night -- and therefore inadequate REM sleep -- may be damaging their mind's ability to memorize: Although REM sleep is not classified as a type of deep sleep, it is only reached after the brain has passed through deep sleep stages.
In the recent study, participants were shown groups of three words and asked to find another word that can be associated with all three words. They were tested once in the morning and then given the same task again in the afternoon. In between, some were allowed a nap with REM sleep, some a nap without REM sleep, while the others had a quiet rest period. The quiet rest and non-REM sleep groups didn't improve, but the REM sleep group improved on their morning performance by an average of almost 40 per cent. Dr Sara Mednick, a sleep researcher at the University of California who led the study, believes the formation of connections between previously unassociated information in the brain occurs during REM sleep.
It is believed that sleep acts as a sort of mental filing system, enabling the brain to sort relevant information from useless information. This process may take place as memories are removed hem one art of the brain to others.
|
Title |
REM Sleep 1.______ Memory |
|
The result of the study |
Rapid Eye Movement sleep is of great importance to the brain's ability to2.______ memories. |
|
The 3.____ of the study |
◆ 4.______ were required to think of another word associated with all three words. ◆The same task was given to participants 5.______ a day. ◆ The quiet rest and non-REM sleep groups showed no 6.______. ◆ The REM sleep group7.______ well by an average of almost 40 per cent. |
|
Dr Sara Mednick's 8._____ |
Connections between previous unassociated information in the brain are 9.______ during REM sleep |
|
Conclusion |
Sleep acts as a sort of mental filing system, enabling the brain to abandon useless information and keep the 10. ______ information. |
1.Benefits/Improves
2.strengthen
3.process/steps/procedures
4. Participants
5.twice
6.improvement
7.performed
8.opinion/view/belief
9.formed
10.relevant/related
【解析】
试题分析：
1.词义归纳题：从第一段的句子：People who enjoy a dream-filled sleep are better at recalling information and making links between facts when waking.可知REM可以提高记忆力，填Benefits/Improves
2.词形转化题：从第一段的句子：The results of the study added to the growing body of evidence that Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep is very important to the brain’s ability to form strong memories.可知REM可以提高记忆力，填strengthen
3.归纳题：右边的内容是研究是过程：process/steps/procedures
4.原词重现：从第三段的句子：In the recent study, participants were shown groups of three words and asked to find another word that can be associated with all three words. 可知答案是Participants
5.词义归纳题：从第三段的句子：They were tested once in the morning and then given the same task again in the afternoon.可知一天给参与者两次任务：twice
6.词形转化题：从第三段的句子：The quiet rest and non-REM sleep groups didn't improve, 可知将improve改成improvement
7.词形转化题：从第三段的句子：but the REM sleep group improved on their morning performance by an average of almost 40 per cent. 可知将performance 改成performed
8.归纳词：右边的内容是Dr Sara Mednick的观点：opinion/view/belief
9.词形转化题：从第三段的句子：believes the formation of connections between previously unassociated information in the brain occurs during REM sleep.可知 formation改成formed
10.原词重现：从第四段的句子：It is believed that sleep acts as a sort of mental filing system, enabling the brain to sort relevant information from useless information. 可知填relevant/related
考点：考查任务型阅读
点评：任务型阅读要充分利用表格理解文章框架结构和主旨大意，再结合每句话，在文中找出信息句，筛选出关键的单词，注意形式的变化和词义的转变。最后一定要注意单词的大小写。
科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。
Health researchers have noticed that some groups of people are more consistently healthy than others, and wondered… Is it race? Income? Where you live? In the United States, these disagreements in health outcomes have been the focus of intense research for the past several decades.
Harvard University health policy researcher Ellen Meara says scholars have found some clues as to why some groups of people have more or less disease than others. She says one important factor in people’s health is the amount of education they have.
In her most recent paper, Meara looked at data from the United states census. These counts of people occur every 10 years. Meara and her colleagues examined data from several decades.
“We looked at life expectancy(预测寿命) at age 25,” Meara says.
“How many additional years can you expect to live if you arrive at age 25 and your education has stopped at high school, or sooner? Versus how many years, can you expect to live if you’ve reached aged 25 and you’ve gone on to at least some college…”
Meara says they found that in 1990, a 25-year-old who only had some secondary school could expect to live for a total of 75 years. In 2000, a 25-year-old with some secondary education could also expect to live to the age of 75.
In contrast, for a better educated 25-year-old, they could expect to live to the age of 80 in 1990. Someone with a similar education level in the year 2000, could expect to live to be more than 81 years, 81.6 years to be exact.
Meara says, not only do better-educated people live longer to begin with, but in the past ten years, more educated people have made gains in the length of their lives. Meanwhile, the life expectancy hasn’t changed for less educated people.
Some of these gains can be explained. Meara says researchers know that people who are more educated are more likely to quit smoking cigarettes, or not start at all, compared to people with less education.
“I think it’s a reminder not to be satisfactory,” Meara says. “Just because a population overall appears to be getting healthier, it doesn’t always mean that those advantages and successes that many people have enjoyed really extend into all parts of the population. And I think that’s something to really pay attention to regardless of whether you live in the US or elsewhere.”
Meara points out that education can often determine income---people with more education frequently make more money. This makes them aware of health care, and purchase other resources and services that can keep them healthier. But the data on income do NOT show that people who make more money are automatically healthier.
Meara says education is key. People need to be educated in order to take advantage of opportunities for better health.
| Title | The Amount of Contributes to People’s Health | ||||
| The less educated people | The ______ educated people | ||||
| Comparisons | In 1990 | They could live for 75 years | They could live to the age of 80 | ||
| In 2000 | Their life expectancy was the same as in 1990. | They could live to the age of 81.6 ____ | |||
| ___ of the research | In the past ten years | Their life expectancy remained _____. | They’ve made gains in the length of their lives, partly due to their __ smoking. | ||
| People are getting healthier, but it doesn’t mean that the advantages and successes extend into all parts of the ____. | |||||
| Education____income. | People with more education make more money | ||||
| Getting more money helps to increase their___ of health care, which can keep them healthier. | |||||
| ____ | Education is the key to better health. | ||||
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Talking to Teachers—Teachers are just people．Behind that desk, is a living, breathing human being．And just like any human being, they will probably be friendly to people who talk nicely to them．Teachers also seem to get along better with children who take schoolwork seriously and are prepared for class．And, just like any other human being, teachers like to be appreciated．The next time your teacher helps you solve a math problem or figure out a science project, say thank you with a smile.
Talking to Parents—Parents can be very supportive if their children ask for help．If you think there’s something your parents can do to help you socialize more or feel more comfortable around people, then ask them．Very often, parents want very much to help, but really don’t know what to do．Pick a quiet time of the day and ask to talk．Tell them how you feel．Maybe they had the same trouble when they were kids.
This Stranger Thing—This is always a tough one．How do you deal with a neighbor, the mail carrier, or someone walking down your street—situations that often seem to cause arguments between kids and parents．The answer to these questions will vary from kid to kid, from parent to parent because all cultures are different．Some folks live in small towns where a hello to everyone is “what’s done”．Then there are kids who live in the city who may have been taught not to speak to anyone they don’t know．If you’re having trouble with this and always feel awkward in these kinds of situations, you might want to talk to your parents or a teacher about it．Where do they think you should draw the line? When is silence rude and when is it wise?
From the first paragraph we may learn that teachers dislike____ .
A．being talked to nicely
B．their students to be serious with the schoolwork
C．the students’ appreciation
D．the students who are not ready for classes
If your parents are not supportive and you are not getting along quite well with your parents, who or what is to blame?
A．Your parents. B．Yourself.
C．Lack of communication. D．Your teachers.
The underlined word in the third paragraph is close in meaning to____.
A．afraid B．puzzled C．strange D．familiar
The passage doesn’t say but it implies that in daily communication____.
A．arguments often happen between kids and parents
B．we should talk to the neighbors and other people according to different cultures
C．city people and country people greet in the same way
D．we should fit our words with proper situations
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
1970 was World Conservation Year. The United Nations wanted everyone to know that the world is in danger. They hoped that governments would act quickly in order to conserve nature. Here is one example of the problem. At one time there were 1,300 different plants, trees and flowers in Holland but now only 866 remain. The others have been destroyed by modern man and his technology. We are changing the earth, the air and water, and everything that grows and lives. We can’t live without these things. If we continue like this, we shall destroy ourselves.
What will happen in the future? Perhaps it is more important to ask “what must we do now?” the people who will believe in the world of tomorrow are the young of today. A lot of them know that conversation is necessary. Many are helping to save our world. They plant trees, build bridges across rivers in forests, and so on. In a small town in the United States a large group of girls cleaned the banks of 11kilometers of their river. Young people may hear about conservation through a record called “no one’s going to change our world.” It was made by the Beatles, Cliff Richard, and other singers. The money from it help to conserve wild animals.
There are fewer plants, trees and flowers in Holland now because________
A. There has been a lot of conservation in Holland
B. Holland does not need so many plants, trees and flowers
C. many plants, trees and flowers do not grow there any more
D. some plants, trees and flowers are dangerous
We shall destroy ourselves if we don’t change_______
A. The United Nations
B. modern technology
C. our rivers and forests
D. the government of Holland
“No one’s going to change our world” was________
A. an important book published in 1970
B. an idea that nobody would accept
C. a record calling all people to conserve nature
D. a rule worked out by the United Nations
What is the most important thing for us to do to save our world?
A. we should plant more trees and flowers
B. we should clean the banks of our rivers
C. we should know what will happen in the future
D. we should know what we must do and begin to do now
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion.
Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine, infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, where as if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary(当代的) societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illnesses than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often “go on welfare” if they have a serious illness.
When older people become senile (衰老的) or too weak and ill to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent (疗养的) hospitals have been built. These are often profit making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions are good, most of them are simply “dumping (倒垃圾的) grounds” for the dying in which “care” is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under skilled personnel.
1. The author believes that the population explosion results from _______.
A. an increase in birthrates B. the industrial development
C. a decrease in death rates D. human beings’ cultural advances
2. It can be inferred from the passage that in hunting and gathering cultures _______.
A. it was a moral responsibility for the families to keep alive the aged people who could not work
B. the survival of infants was less important than that of their parents in times of starvation
C. old people were given the task of imparting the cultural wisdom of the tribe to new generations
D. death was celebrated as a time of rejoicing for an individual freed of the hardships of life
3. According to the passage, which of the following statements about the old people in the United States is true?
A. Many of them live on social security money which is hardly enough.
B. Minority of them remain in a state of near poverty after their retirement.
C. When they reach a certain age, compulsory retirement is necessary and beneficial.
D. With the growing inflation, they must suffer more from unbearable burdens than ever.
4. The phrase “this need” in paragraph 3 refers to ________.
A. prolonging the dying old people’s lives
B. reducing the problems caused by the retired people
C. making profits through caring for the sick or weak people
D. taking care of the sick or weak people
5. Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude toward most of the nursing homes and convalescent hospitals?
A. Sympathetic. B. Approving. C. Optimistic. D. Critical.
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
On August 26, 1999, New York City was struck by a terrible rainstorm. The rain caused the streets to 1 and the subway system almost came to a stop.
Unfortunately, this happened during the morning rush hour. Many people who were going to work were 2 to go home. Some battled to 3 a taxi or to get on a bus. Still others faced the 4bravely, walking miles to get to work.
I 5 to be one of people on the way to work that morning. I went from subway line to subway line only to find that most 6 had stopped. After making my way 7 crowds of people, I finally found a subway line that was 8. Unfortunately, there were so many people waiting to 9 the subway that I could not even get down the stairs to the 10 . So I took the train going in the opposite direction, and then switched back to the downtown train.
Finally, after what seemed like forever, the train 11 my stop. Then I had to walk several blocks in the increasingly heavy rain. When I finally got to my office, I was 12 through, exhausted and 13. w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
My co-workers and I spent most of the day drying off. When it was 5:00 pm, I was ready to go home. I was about to turn off my computer 14 I received an email from Garth, my Director:
I would like to thank all of you who made the effort and 15 went to work. It is always reassuring(令人欣慰), at times like these, when employees so clearly show their 16 to their jobs. Thank you.
Garth’s email was short, but I learned more from that 17 message than I ever did from a textbook. The email taught me that a few words of 18 can make a big difference. The rainstorm and the traffic 19 had made me tired and upset. But Garth’s words immediately 20 me and put a smile back on my face.
1. A. confusion B. flood C. sink D. crash
2. A. forced B. refused C. adjusted D. gathered
3. A. order B. pay C. call D. search
4. A. climate B. scenery C. storm D. burden
5. A. occurred B. promised C. deserved D. happened
6. A. practice B. routine C. process D. service
7. A. to B. through C. over D. for
8. A. operating B. cycling C. turning D. rushing
9. A. check B. carry C. find D. board
10. A. street B. ground C. floor D. platform
11. A. paused B. crossed C. reached D. parked
12. A. wet B. weak C. sick D. hurt
13. A. ashamed B. discouraged C. surprised D. helpless
14. A. while B. when C. where D. after
15. A. hardly B. casually C. absolutely D. eventually
16. A. devotion B. donation C. concern D. reaction
17. A. accurate B. urgent C. brief D. humorous
18. A. promise B. appreciation C. admiration D. guidance
19. A. troubles B. signals C. rules D. signs
20. A. corrected B. supported C. amazed D. refreshed
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