Raising environmental awareness was the aim of our art exhibition ____ last week.

Raising environmental awareness was the aim of our art exhibition ____ last week.

   A. to hold             B. held                C. having held            D. being held

Attempts to understand the relationship between social behavior and health have their origin in history. Dubos (1969) suggested that primitive（原始的）humans were closer to the animals because they, too, relied upon their instincts to stay healthy. Yet some primitive humans recognized a cause and effect relationship between doing certain things and alleviating（减轻）symptoms of a disease or improving the condition of a wound. Since there was so much that primitive humans did not understand about the functioning of the body, magic became an integral component of the beliefs about the causes and cures of health disorders. So it is not surprising that early humans thought that illness was caused by evil spirits. Primitive medicines made from vegetables or animals were invariably used in combination with some form of ritual (礼仪) to drive harmful spirits away from a diseased body.

  One of the earliest attempts in the Western world to formulate principles of health care based upon rational thought and rejection of supernatural phenomena is found in the work of the Greek physician Hippocrates. Little is known of Hippocrates who lived around 400 B.C., not even whether he actually authored the collection of books that bears his name. Nevertheless, the writings attributed to him have provided a number of principles underlying modern medical practice. One of his most famous contributions, the Hippocratic Oath, is the foundation of contemporary medical ethics (道德). Among other things, it requires a physician to swear that he or she will help the sick, keep oneself from intentional wrong-doing or harm, and keep secret all matters to keep the doctor-patient relationship.

  Hippocrates also argued that medical knowledge should be derived（源自于）from an understanding of the natural sciences and the logic of cause and effect relationships. In this classic thesis, On Airs, Waters, and Places, Hippocrates pointed out that human-being is influenced by the totality of environmental factors: living habits or lifestyle, climate, geography of the land, and the quality of air and food. Interesting enough, concerns about our health and the quality of air, water, and places are still very much written in the twentieth century.

1.The topic of the first paragraph is summarized in ________.

A. the first sentence of the paragraph

B. the second sentence of the paragraph

C. the third sentence of the paragraph

D. the last sentence of the paragraph

2.Why did primitive humans rely on magic in their beliefs about the causes and cures of diseases?

A. Because magic was an inseparable part of their life.

B. Because they had little knowledge about the functioning of the body.

C. Because the diseases were caused by the evil spirits.

D. Because magic must be used in going through the rituals to drive out the evil spirits.

3.Considering Hippocrates’ background, we can see from the second paragraph that ________.

A. he was the forefather of modern medicine

B. experts are sure that the books bearing his name were not written by him

C. he had a rational mind aided by supernatural instincts

D. experts do not know much about him except when and where he lived

4.All of the following are included in the Hippocratic Oath EXCEPT ________.

A. helping patients

B. keeping oneself from harming patients

C. keeping secret all matters to maintain a good relationship with the patients

D. obeying rules for modern medicine practice

5.Which of the following best expressed the main idea of the last paragraph?

A. Doctor’s concerns remain unchanged.

B. Medicine comes from nature.

C. Environment affects health.

D. Climate determines lifestyle.

A 10-year-old boy fatally shot his father Friday, striking him several times as he sat in the front seat of a SUV to pick up the boy from his mother’s home for a weekend visit.
The incident happened about 3:45 p.m. on a cul-de-sac (死胡同)in the 1700 block of Cedar Cove Court, said Sgt. B. E. Williams of the Harris County Sheriff’s Department.
An investigation found that Rick James Lohstroh, 41, was shot by his son, who was sitting in the back seat of the man’s Toyota 4-Runner, said Sgt. B. E. Williams of the Harris County Sheriff’s Department. The shooting took place outside the home of Lohstroh’s ex-wife, where the boy lives with his mother and a 7-year-old brother.
“We’re not certain of anything until we finish our investigation,” Williams said. “The information we have at this time is that the 10-year-old did fire the weapon.”
The mother and the 7-year-old were inside the house when the shooting occurred, said Williams.
Williams said the gun belonged to the boy’s mother. After firing shots through the back seat, the boy exited(退出) the back of the vehicle and continued to fire at the car.
The man died on the way to Memorial Herman Hospital. Lohstroh was a doctor at the University of Texas Medical Branch. The man and woman shared custody（监护）of the children. Williams said the mother and the boy were still in the home talking to investigators Friday night.
Neighbors described the family as being quiet and keeping to themselves.
Justin Gray, 17, was walking in the neighborhood when he heard gunshots. “We’ve had a suicide（自杀）in this neighborhood once, but never anything like this,” Gray said.
【小题1】 The best title for the news should be         .

 “Lizzie, there’s a letter for you!” Emily called up the stairs to her sister. Elizabeth looked down. “Is it from Harvard? They refused my application once.” Emily answered, “No, it’s from Yale.” Quickly, Elizabeth walked downstairs. She took the letter and opened it. “Rejected again,” Elizabeth said unhappily. “Who says women can’t be doctors?”

“They are fools not to accept you. You can’t let them stop you, Lizzie,” Emily said.

“I won’t. I’ll apply to (申请) Geneva Medical College,” Elizabeth told her sister. As it turned out, the professors at Geneva Medical College were not fools. They allowed Elizabeth Blackwell to study medicine.

In 1848, a year before Elizabeth would graduate, a typhoid epidemic (伤寒流行病) broke out in New York. Elizabeth wrote to Emily. “There’s an outbreak (爆发) of typhoid, and I am going to help. It is dangerous, so if I should not survive, please do me the honor of studying medicine yourself.”

Emily replied, “Encouraged by your dream and success, I have decided to study in medical school, as well.”

Having survived the disease, Elizabeth tried to set up a private medical practice. “I graduated first in my class but no one believes a woman can be a good doctor,” she said to Emily one day. “All I hear is that doctors should be men, while women should stay home to cook and clean.”

Emily said worriedly, “I will graduate in June with my medical degree. What shall we do?” Elizabeth thought for a while and replied, “There’s a big house in the poor part of our town. We can practice medicine there for people who couldn’t afford care.”

Soon with the help of some friends, Elizabeth and Emily bought the house and opened a hospital for poor women and children. “We’ll have an all-women staff (员工),” Elizabeth said. “And later, we’ll add a medical college for women!” Emily added. At last, Elizabeth realized her dream of being a doctor.

1.The underlined word “Rejected” in the first paragraph can be best replaced by _____.

A．Refused          B．Praised           C．Changed          D．Accepted

2. Hearing Elizabeth’s words about the letter from Yale, Emily felt _____.

A．excited           B．calm             C．satisfied           D．angry

3. In 1848, Elizabeth wrote to Emily to _____.

A．persuade Emily to come to help the sick      B．ask Emily to study medicine if she died

C．warn Emily the danger of typhoid epidemic    D．tell Emily she would graduate from college

4.We can learn from the text that Elizabeth _____.

A．received strong support from her sister      B．refused to go to study at Yale University

C．founded a medical college after graduation    D．was finally accepted by Harvard after her efforts

5.Which of the following can best be used to describe Elizabeth?

A．Humorous.        B．Honest.           C．Determined.       D．Careful.

A 10-year-old boy fatally shot his father Friday, striking him several times as he sat in the front seat of a SUV to pick up the boy from his mother’s home for a weekend visit.

The incident happened about 3:45 p.m. on a cul-de-sac (死胡同)in the 1700 block of Cedar Cove Court, said Sgt. B. E. Williams of the Harris County Sheriff’s Department.

An investigation found that Rick James Lohstroh, 41, was shot by his son, who was sitting in the back seat of the man’s Toyota 4-Runner, said Sgt. B. E. Williams of the Harris County Sheriff’s Department. The shooting took place outside the home of Lohstroh’s ex-wife, where the boy lives with his mother and a 7-year-old brother.

“We’re not certain of anything until we finish our investigation,” Williams said. “The information we have at this time is that the 10-year-old did fire the weapon.”

The mother and the 7-year-old were inside the house when the shooting occurred, said Williams.

Williams said the gun belonged to the boy’s mother. After firing shots through the back seat, the boy exited(退出) the back of the vehicle and continued to fire at the car.

The man died on the way to Memorial Herman Hospital. Lohstroh was a doctor at the University of Texas Medical Branch. The man and woman shared custody（监护）of the children. Williams said the mother and the boy were still in the home talking to investigators Friday night.

Neighbors described the family as being quiet and keeping to themselves.

Justin Gray, 17, was walking in the neighborhood when he heard gunshots. “We’ve had a suicide（自杀）in this neighborhood once, but never anything like this,” Gray said.

1. The best title for the news should be         .

2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the news?

3.What can we infer from the report?

4.The reason why the boy shot his father      .

A 10-year-old boy fatally shot his father Friday, striking him several times as he sat in the front seat of a SUV to pick up the boy from his mother’s home for a weekend visit.

The incident happened about 3:45 p.m. on a cul-de-sac (死胡同) in the 1700 block of Cedar Cove Court, said Sgt. B. E. Williams of the Harris County Sheriff’s Department.

An investigation found that Rick James Lohstroh, 41, was shot by his son, who was sitting in the back seat of the man’s Toyota 4-Runner, said Sgt. B. E. Williams of the Harris County Sheriff’s Department. The shooting took place outside the home of Lohstroh’s ex-wife, where the boy lives with his mother and a 7-year-old brother.

“We’re not certain of anything until we finish our investigation,” Williams said. “The information we have at this time is that the 10-year-old did fire the weapon.”

The mother and the 7-year-old were inside the house when the shooting occurred, said Williams.

Williams said the gun belonged to the boy’s mother. After firing shots through the back seat, the boy exited(退出) the back of the vehicle and continued to fire at the car.

The man died on the way to Memorial Herman Hospital. Lohstroh was a doctor at the University of Texas Medical Branch. The man and woman shared custody（监护）of the children. Williams said the mother and the boy were still in the home talking to investigators Friday night.

Neighbors described the family as being quiet and keeping to themselves.

Justin Gray, 17, was walking in the neighborhood when he heard gunshots. “We’ve had a suicide（自杀）in this neighborhood once, but never anything like this,” Gray said.

The best title for the news should be         .

A. A Boy Shot His Father                    B. Shooting Kill a Father

C. An Unbelievable Tragedy  D. A Ten-Year-Old Boy’s Cruelty

Which of the following is TRUE according to the news?

A. The father is not responsible for the boy.

B. The family don’t like associating with their neighbours.

C. The boy lives with Rick James Lohstroh.

D. The boy has no brothers or sisters.

What can we infer from the report?

A. The tragedy happened because the boy had seen too many films showing violence.

B. The boy killed his father after he quarreled with his father.

C. Such things often occurred in this neighbourhood.

D. The boy’s parents got divorced (离婚).

The reason why the boy shot his father       .

A. is clear  B. can’t be made out  C. is not known             D. is quite simple

　　As a boy, Sanders was much influenced by books about the sea, but by the age of fifteen he had decided to become a doctor rather than a sailor. His father was a doctor. So he was often with the doctors and got along very well with them. When he was fourteen, he was already hanging around the hospital where he was supposed to be helping to clean the medicine bottles, but was actually trying to listen to the doctors' conversations with patients in the next room.

　　During the war Sanders served in the army as a surgeon.“That was the happiest time of my life. I was dealing with real sufferers and on the whole making a success of my job.”In Rhodes he taught the country people simple facts about medicine, He saw himself as a life-saver. He had proved his skill to himself and had a firm belief that he could serve those who lived simply, and were dependent upon him. Thus, while in a position to tell them what to do he could feel he was serving them.

　　After the war, he married and set up a practice deep in the English countryside, working under an old doctor who hated the sight of blood. This gave the younger man plenty of opportunity to go on working as a life-saver.

(1)At the age of 14, Sanders ______.

[　　]

A．worked as a doctor by cleaning the medicine bottles

B．met some doctors who were very friendly to him

C．was interested in talking with patients

D．remained together with the doctors ______.

(2)His experience in the army proved that ______.

[　　]

A．he was good at medical operations on the wounded

B．he succeeded in teaching people how to save their lives themselves

C．a doctor was the happiest man

D．his wish of being a life-saver could hardly come true

(3)Having proved his skill to himself, Sanders ______.

[　　]

A．wanted to live a simple life like a countryman

B．came to realize that he was really working for his countrymen

C．taught himself life-saving

D．was highly respected by the old doctor

(4)When the war was over, he ______.

[　　]

A．learned from an old doctor because he was popular

B．started to hate the sight of blood while working

C．served the countrymen under an old doctor who needed someone to help him

D．had few chances to be a life-saver because he was younger

A 10-year-old boy fatally shot his father Friday, striking him several times as he sat in the front seat of a SUV to pick up the boy from his mother’s home for a weekend visit.

The incident happened about 3:45 p.m. on a cul-de-sac (死胡同) in the 1700 block of Cedar Cove Court, said Sgt. B. E. Williams of the Harris County Sheriff’s Department.

An investigation found that Rick James Lohstroh, 41, was shot by his son, who was sitting in the back seat of the man’s Toyota 4-Runner, said Sgt. B. E. Williams of the Harris County Sheriff’s Department. The shooting took place outside the home of Lohstroh’s ex-wife, where the boy lives with his mother and a 7-year-old brother.

“We’re not certain of anything until we finish our investigation,” Williams said. “The information we have at this time is that the 10-year-old did fire the weapon.”

The mother and the 7-year-old were inside the house when the shooting occurred, said Williams.

Williams said the gun belonged to the boy’s mother. After firing shots through the back seat, the boy exited(退出) the back of the vehicle and continued to fire at the car.

The man died on the way to Memorial Herman Hospital. Lohstroh was a doctor at the University of Texas Medical Branch. The man and woman shared custody（监护）of the children. Williams said the mother and the boy were still in the home talking to investigators Friday night.

Neighbors described the family as being quiet and keeping to themselves.

Justin Gray, 17, was walking in the neighborhood when he heard gunshots. “We’ve had a suicide（自杀）in this neighborhood once, but never anything like this,” Gray said.

53. The best title for the news should be         .

A. A Boy Shot His Father                    B. Shooting Kill a Father

C. An Unbelievable Tragedy                D. A Ten-Year-Old Boy’s Cruelty

54. Which of the following is TRUE according to the news?

       A. The father is not responsible for the boy.

       B. The family don’t like associating with their neighbours.

       C. The boy lives with Rick James Lohstroh.

       D. The boy has no brothers or sisters.

55. What can we infer from the report?

       A. The tragedy happened because the boy had seen too many films showing violence

       B. The boy killed his father after he quarreled with his father.

       C. Such things often occurred in this neighbourhood.

       D. The boy’s parents got divorced (离婚).

56. The reason why the boy shot his father       .

      A. is clear  B. can’t be made out  C. is not known             D. is quite simple

 Raising environmental awareness was the aim of our art exhibition ____ last week.

     A．to hold              B．held                   C．having held        D．being held

 Raising environmental awareness was the aim of our art exhibition ____ last week.

     A．to hold              B．held                   C．having held        D．being held

HOUSTON (AP) --- A 10-year-old boy fatally shot his father Friday, striking him several times as he sat in the front seat of a SUV to pick up the boy from his mother's home for a weekend visit.
The incident happened about 3pm on a cul-desac（死胡同）in the 1700 block of Cedar Cove Court, said Sgt. Williams of the Harris County Sheriff's Department.
An investigation found that Rick James Lohstroh, 41, was shot by his son, who was sitting in the back seat of the man's Toyota 4-Runner, said Sgt. Williams. The shooting took place outside the home of Lohstroh's ex-wife, where the boy lives with his mother and a 7-year-old brother.
"We're not certain of anything until we finish our investigation," Williams said. "The information we have at this time is that the 10-year-old did fire the weapon."
The mother and the 7-year-old were inside the house when the shooting occurred, said Williams.
Williams said the gun belonged to the boy's mother. After firing shots through the back seat, the boy exited the back of the vehicle and continued to fire at the car.
The man died on the way to Memorial Herman Hospital.
Lohstroh was a doctor at the University of Texas Medical Branch.
The man and woman shared custody（监护）of the children.
Williams said the mother and the boy were still in the home talking to investigators Friday night.
Neighbors described the family as being quiet and keeping to themselves.
Justin Gray, 17, was walking in the neighborhood when he heard gunshots. "We've had a suicide in this neighborhood once, but never anything like this," Gray said

1. 1.

   The best title for the news should be __________

   1. A.
      A Boy Shot His Father
   2. B.
      Shooting Kill a Father
   3. C.
      An Unbelievable Tragedy
      A Ten-Year-Old Boy's Cruelty
2. 2.

   Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the news?

   1. A.
      The father is not responsible for the boy
   2. B.
      The family don't like being linked to their neighbors
   3. C.
      The boy lives with Rick James Lohstroh
   4. D.
      The boy has no brother or sister
3. 3.

   What can we infer from the text?

   1. A.
      The tragedy happened because the boy had seen too many films showing violence
   2. B.
      The boy killed his father because he hated it that he deserted his mother
   3. C.
      Such things often occurred in this neighbourhood
   4. D.
      The boy's parents got divorced(="separated)."
4. 4.

   The reason why the boy shot his father __________

   1. A.
      is clear
   2. B.
      can't be made out
   3. C.
      is unknown
   4. D.
      is quite simple
5. 5.

   The underlined word "suicide" most probably means __________

   1. A.
      the act of killing the lives of a whole family
   2. B.
      an instance of deliberately killing oneself
   3. C.
      the situation of getting on smoothly with others
   4. D.
      the peaceful surroundings

Raising environmental awareness was the aim of our art exhibition ____ last week.

As a boy, Sanders was much influenced(影响) by books about the sea, but by the age of fifteen he had decided to become a doctor rather than a sailor. His father was a doctor. So he was often with the doctors and got along very well with them. When he was fourteen, he was already hanging around the hospital where he was supposed to be helping to clean the medicine bottles, but was actually trying to listen to the doctors’ conversations with patients in the next room.
During the war Sanders served in the army as a surgeon(外科医生). “That was the happiest time of my life. I was dealing with real sufferers and on the whole making a success of my job.” In Rhodes he taught the country people simple facts about medicine. He saw himself as a life-saver. He had proved his skill to himself and had a firm belief that he could serve those who lived simply, and were dependent upon him. Thus, while in a position to tell them what to do he could feel he was serving them.
After the war, he married and set up a practice deep in the English countryside, working under an old doctor who hated the sight of blood. This gave the younger man plenty of opportunity(机会) to go on working as a life-saver.

1. 1.

   When he was a small boy, books about the sea had made Sanders want to be ___.

   1. A.
      a surgeon
   2. B.
      an army man
   3. C.
      a sailor
   4. D.
      a life-saver
2. 2.

   At the age of 14, Sanders ___.

   1. A.
      worked as a doctor by cleaning the medicine bottles
   2. B.
      met some doctors who were very friendly to him
   3. C.
      was interested in talking with patients
   4. D.
      remained together with the doctors
3. 3.

   His experience in the Army proved that ___.

   1. A.
      he was good at medical operations on the wounded
   2. B.
      he succeeded in teaching people how to save their lives themselves
   3. C.
      a doctor was the happiest man
   4. D.
      his wish of being a life-saver could hardly come true
4. 4.

   Having proved his skill to himself, Sanders ___.

   1. A.
      wanted to live a simple life like a countryman
   2. B.
      came to realize that he was really working for his countrymen
   3. C.
      taught himself life-saving
   4. D.
      was highly respected by the old doctor
5. 5.

   When the war was over, he ___.

   1. A.
      learned from an old doctor because he was popular
   2. B.
      started to hate the sight of blood while working
   3. C.
      served the countrymen under an old doctor who needed someone to help him
   4. D.
      had few chances to be a “life-saver” because he was younger

Raising environmental awareness was the aim of our art exhibition ____ last week.

1. A.
   to hold
2. B.
   held
3. C.
   having held
4. D.
   being held

Raising environmental awareness was the aim of our art exhibition ____ last week.

     A．to hold          B．held        C．having held   D．being held

 Raising environmental awareness was the aim of our art exhibition ____ last week.

   A. to hold           B. held         C. having held          D. being held