How teachers perform in their classes ________ a strong influence on the growth of the peoples．

1. A.
   has
2. B.
   have
3. C.
   having
4. D.
   to have

Everyone wants to perform well at school.Add these tips to your life and you should be on your way to being a top student!

1. I cannot stress how important it is to pay attention to what your teacher is teaching you. Take part in class discussions if you have something worth adding. Pay attention during class, especially during lectures.

Taking notes is important .You don’t need to write down every single word your teacher says but write down what he or she writes on the board，or any special fact you think you might need for a test. 2. This away it will help you learn more effectively by actually thinking about what you are writing.

Don’t skip school .You will be missing out on stuff. 3. However , you will have more work and you have missed lectures, Also, try not to be late for class. It' s most likely that your teacher won’t appreciate it and you will get yourself behind.

4. If you have an “I don’t care about school or this class" attitude, then teachers will be less willing to help you with problems or offer you extra credit. The same goes for lazy attitude. Have a respectful attitude to the teacher and other students. Try not to laugh when other students make mistakes.

Always ask questions. 5. If you don’t understand，ask someone. Read your textbook and notes，and then if that fails ,seek help. Ask a teacher，friend，classmate, parent, etc. Get a tutor if you need one.

A. Be prepared.

B. Write in your own words.

C. Pay attention to everything the teacher says.

D. Staying organized will be helpful.

E. There is no shame in needing some help.

F. It is true that you could make up the work.

G. Keep a good attitude towards things.

Everyone wants to perform well at school. Add these tips to your life and you should be on your way to being a top student!

1. . I cannot stress how important it is to pay attention to what your teacher is teaching you. Take part in class discussions if you have something worth adding. Pay attention during class, especially during lectures.

Taking notes is important .You don’t need to write down every single word your teacher says but write down what he or she writes on the board，or any special fact you think you might need for a test.

___2. . This away it will help you learn more effectively by actually thinking about what you are writing.

Don’t skip school. You will be missing out on stuff. 3. However, you will have more work and you have missed lectures, Also, try not to be late for class. It’s most likely that your teacher won’t appreciate it and you will get yourself behind.

4.If you have an “I don’t care about school or this class" attitude, then teachers will be less willing to help you with problems or offer you extra credit. The same goes for lazy attitude. Have a respectful attitude to the teacher and other students. Try not to laugh when other students make mistakes.

Always ask questions. 5.If you don’t understand，ask someone. Read your textbook and notes，and then if that fails ,seek help. Ask a teacher，friend，classmate, parent, etc. Get a tutor if you need one.

A. Be prepared.

B. Write in your own words.

C. Pay attention to everything the teacher says.

D. Staying organized will be helpful.

E. There is no shame in needing some help.

F. It is true that you could make up the work.

G. Keep a good attitude towards things.

But what is teacher quality? How can one measure it reliably?

An analysis is issued on a sample of data from a Texas school district. Experts argue convincingly that teacher effectiveness should be measured by students’ gains on standardized tests: Mr. Smith is probably a better teacher than Ms. Brown if his students consistently improve their test scores more than hers do.

Though this approach is appealing, there are tricky issues. For example, what if Ms. Brown teaches in a school where students score so high there is little room for improvement?

The authors try to correct for this problem, as well as other sorts of measurement issues, to generate a measurement of teacher effectiveness. The paper is primarily concerned with how this measure is related to other observable characteristics.

The first finding is that there is a large variation in teacher effectiveness: some teachers consistently have a larger impact on their students’ achievement than others.

Second, easily observable characteristics like having a master’s degree or a passing score on the teacher certification exam are not correlated关联 with teacher effectiveness.

Then what does matter? The most important single influence is experience: first-year teachers are much less effective than others. The second year is significantly better, and by the fourth year, most teachers hit their stride.

It is not entirely clear whether this experience effect is learning by doing (the more you teach, the more effective you become) or survival of the fittest (those who are not good at teaching tend to drop out early.)

From my reading of the paper, both effects appear important and there is no simple answer. The data do suggest, however, that teacher effectiveness is pretty clear by the end of the second year, so the information to make an informed decision is available at that time.

The authors also investigate the contentious 有争议的issue of racial matching of students and teachers. Here they find strong evidence that minority teachers tend to be more effective with minority students. Again, it is unclear whether this is because of a role model effect (students respond better to a teacher of their own race) or an empathy effect 移情效应(teachers empathize better with students of their own race) or something else entirely.

The authors also look at teacher mobility. There is some evidence that teachers who quit teaching or switch schools tend to be below average in effectiveness. This is consistent with the survival-of-the-fittest model.

1.The schoolmaster could decide wisely whether to further employ the teacher by the end of the ______.

A. the first year          B. the second year             C. the third year        D. the fourth year

2.The phrase “hit their stride” most probably means “______”.

A. reach their normal level                                    B. become confident

C. walk with long steps                                            D. get bored

3.The author of this passage holds the view that ______.

A. teachers will perform better with time passing

B. ineffective teachers should leave earlier rather than later

C. teacher’s effectiveness is apparent after a couple of years

D. a master’s degree will improve teacher’s effectiveness

4.Why do black teachers tend to be more effective with black students?

A. Students fell secure, so they respond better.

B. Teachers sympathize with students of their own race.

C. There are entirely some other identified reasons.

D. The reasons are far from clear and definite.

5.Which of the following may serve as the best title?

A. The Quality of Teaching

B. Impact of Teacher Quality on Student Learning

C. Different Sorts of Measurement Issues

D. Survival-of-the-fittest Model vs. Learning-by-doing Model

But what is teacher quality? How can one measure it reliably?
An analysis is issued on a sample of data from a Texas school district. Experts argue convincingly that teacher effectiveness should be measured by students’ gains on standardized tests: Mr. Smith is probably a better teacher than Ms. Brown if his students consistently improve their test scores more than hers do.
Though this approach is appealing, there are tricky issues. For example, what if Ms. Brown teaches in a school where students score so high there is little room for improvement?
The authors try to correct for this problem, as well as other sorts of measurement issues, to generate a measurement of teacher effectiveness. The paper is primarily concerned with how this measure is related to other observable characteristics.
The first finding is that there is a large variation in teacher effectiveness: some teachers consistently have a larger impact on their students’ achievement than others.
Second, easily observable characteristics like having a master’s degree or a passing score on the teacher certification exam are not correlated关联 with teacher effectiveness.
Then what does matter? The most important single influence is experience: first-year teachers are much less effective than others. The second year is significantly better, and by the fourth year, most teachers hit their stride.
It is not entirely clear whether this experience effect is learning by doing (the more you teach, the more effective you become) or survival of the fittest (those who are not good at teaching tend to drop out early.)
From my reading of the paper, both effects appear important and there is no simple answer. The data do suggest, however, that teacher effectiveness is pretty clear by the end of the second year, so the information to make an informed decision is available at that time.
The authors also investigate the contentious 有争议的issue of racial matching of students and teachers. Here they find strong evidence that minority teachers tend to be more effective with minority students. Again, it is unclear whether this is because of a role model effect (students respond better to a teacher of their own race) or an empathy effect 移情效应(teachers empathize better with students of their own race) or something else entirely.
The authors also look at teacher mobility. There is some evidence that teachers who quit teaching or switch schools tend to be below average in effectiveness. This is consistent with the survival-of-the-fittest model.
【小题1】The schoolmaster could decide wisely whether to further employ the teacher by the end of the ______.

But what is teacher quality? How can one measure it reliably?
An analysis is issued on a sample of data from a Texas school district. Experts argue convincingly that teacher effectiveness should be measured by students’ gains on standardized tests: Mr. Smith is probably a better teacher than Ms. Brown if his students consistently improve their test scores more than hers do.
Though this approach is appealing, there are tricky issues. For example, what if Ms. Brown teaches in a school where students score so high there is little room for improvement?
The authors try to correct for this problem, as well as other sorts of measurement issues, to generate a measurement of teacher effectiveness. The paper is primarily concerned with how this measure is related to other observable characteristics.
The first finding is that there is a large variation in teacher effectiveness: some teachers consistently have a larger impact on their students’ achievement than others.
Second, easily observable characteristics like having a master’s degree or a passing score on the teacher certification exam are not correlated关联 with teacher effectiveness.
Then what does matter? The most important single influence is experience: first-year teachers are much less effective than others. The second year is significantly better, and by the fourth year, most teachers hit their stride.
It is not entirely clear whether this experience effect is learning by doing (the more you teach, the more effective you become) or survival of the fittest (those who are not good at teaching tend to drop out early.)
From my reading of the paper, both effects appear important and there is no simple answer. The data do suggest, however, that teacher effectiveness is pretty clear by the end of the second year, so the information to make an informed decision is available at that time.
The authors also investigate the contentious 有争议的issue of racial matching of students and teachers. Here they find strong evidence that minority teachers tend to be more effective with minority students. Again, it is unclear whether this is because of a role model effect (students respond better to a teacher of their own race) or an empathy effect 移情效应(teachers empathize better with students of their own race) or something else entirely.
The authors also look at teacher mobility. There is some evidence that teachers who quit teaching or switch schools tend to be below average in effectiveness. This is consistent with the survival-of-the-fittest model

1. 1.

   The schoolmaster could decide wisely whether to further employ the teacher by the end of the ______

   1. A.
      the first year
   2. B.
      the second year
   3. C.
      the third year
   4. D.
      the fourth year
2. 2.

   The phrase “hit their stride” most probably means “______”

   1. A.
      reach their normal level
   2. B.
      become confident
   3. C.
      walk with long steps
   4. D.
      get bored
3. 3.

   The author of this passage holds the view that ______

   1. A.
      teachers will perform better with time passing
   2. B.
      ineffective teachers should leave earlier rather than later
   3. C.
      teacher’s effectiveness is apparent after a couple of years
   4. D.
      a master’s degree will improve teacher’s effectiveness
4. 4.

   Why do black teachers tend to be more effective with black students?

   1. A.
      Students fell secure, so they respond better
   2. B.
      Teachers sympathize with students of their own race
   3. C.
      There are entirely some other identified reasons
   4. D.
      The reasons are far from clear and definite
5. 5.

   Which of the following may serve as the best title?

   1. A.
      The Quality of Teaching
   2. B.
      Impact of Teacher Quality on Student Learning
   3. C.
      Different Sorts of Measurement Issues
   4. D.
      Survival-of-the-fittest Model vs. Learning-by-doing Model

Ever tried taking smart drugs to perform better in exams? They

certainly work．Before last summer's exam, a few of my mates, merely

out of curiosity, took a considerable amount of Modafinil, a drug nor-

mally used for narcolepsy（嗜眠发作症）.Guess what? While I was

feeling sleepy, bored by revision, my mates were more focused．

Modafinil is a smart drug that gives a user a feeling of staying awake for hours．It also sharpens the mind, improves memory and helps problem-solving．

But it does more than just keeping you awake．It disturbs your mental system, making you desperate to do what you are doing．You just don't want to do anything else but revise all the time non-stop．

A recent study discovers that healthy people use smart drugs, like Modafinil, to get down to and complete tasks they have been putting off, because these tasks seem more enjoyable when taking these drugs. This might sound like what a stressed student desires. However, the pills have a range of side-effects.

"At present no evidence shows that these drugs are safe in healthy people," as a medical expert puts it, "Ordering online, though easy, is a dangerous way to obtain drugs. You never know what you're actually purchasing. "

In my experience, Modafinil changes people's behaviour too. Over those weeks my friends　 became different people-in turn aggressive, cold. Even eating became "a waste of time" and sodid conversation.

A BBC survey found that of those who had tried smart drugs before, 92% would do so again. My friends say they'd happily do so without considering the practice a form of cheating.

I admit I was curious-but not enough to try it. Seeing the strange behaviour of other users, I feel a little bit upset and scary. Modafinil may promise to change your grades, but it might also change the way you act. Don't say you haven't been warned!

71. According to the author, his mates took Modafinil for the purpose of______.

　　　 A. escaping from reality　　　　　 　　　 B. getting better exam results

　　　 C. curing their narcolepsy　　　 　　　　　 D. leading an active life

72. Taking the smart drug can lead to ______.

　　　 A. cheating in the exam　　　　　　　 　 B. dropping out of school

　　　 C. youth crime　　　　　　　　 　　　　 D. drug addiction

73. How does the author find his males' taking the smart drugs?

　　　 A. Worrying.　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 B. Inspiring.

　　　 C. Acceptable.　　　　　　　　　 　　　 D. Reasonable.

74. Which statement about Modafinil is wrong?

　　 A. Modafinil sharpens the mind and helps problem-solving.

　　 B. Modafinil more than just keeps you awake.

　　 C. Modafinil has a range of side effects.

　　 D. Modafinil is safe in healthy people.

75. Who are the target readers of this passage?

A. Teachers.　　　　　　　　　　 　　　 B. Doctors.

C. Scientists. D. Students.

According to a new study, preschool boys perform better on tests that measure learning and other important skills when they are in classes that have more girls than boys. This doesn’t seem to apply to girls, though. For preschool girls, the presence or absence of boys does not affect learning.

“The study raises questions about having all-boy or all-girl classes for preschool”, says psychologist Arlen Moller, who led the study. She added, “Previous researches have shown that high-school girls may study better in all-g irl schools. In middle school, however, the effects of same-sex schooling are unclear, and even less is known for very young kids.” To find out, researchers studied 70 preschool classes with a total of 806 children who were between 3.5 and 6 years old. For each class, teachers recorded the student’s progress over a 6.5-month school year.

Their data included scores of motor skills, social skills and thinking skills. Researchers found that boys developed each of these skills more quickly when there were more girls in the class than boys.

In majority-girl classrooms, boys developed at the same rate as girls. But in classes where boys were the majority, boys developed more slowly than girls. Girls tended to advance in classrooms which had any combination of boys and girls.

The study is one of the first to look at how the proportion of boys and girls in a class affects learning. Because it’s a new finding, researchers don’t know why this difference exists.

“This is an exciting topic, but it’s too early to draw any conclusion because this area is so under-explored,” says psychologist Lean Malofeeva of the High/Scope Educational Research Foundation in Ypsilanti, Michigan.

81．What is the finding of the researchers led by Arlen Moller? (no more than 15 words)(2 marks)

82．According to the research , what effect does a minority-girl class have on boy’s study?(no more than 8 words)(3 marks)

83．How does Lean Malofeeva find the study of the researchers led by Arlen Moller?(no more than 6 words)(3 marks)

84．List three abilities the researchers focused on. (on more than 7 words)(3 marks)

According to a new study, preschool boys perform better on tests that measure learning and other important skills when they are in classes that have more girls than boys. This doesn’t seem to apply to girls, though. For preschool girls, the presence or absence of boys does not affect learning.

“The study raises questions about having all-boy or all-girl classes for preschool”, says psychologist Arlen Moller, who led the study. She added, “Previous researches have shown that high-school girls may study better in all-g irl schools. In middle school, however, the effects of same-sex schooling are unclear, and even less is known for very young kids.” To find out, researchers studied 70 preschool classes with a total of 806 children who were between 3.5 and 6 years old. For each class, teachers recorded the student’s progress over a 6.5-month school year.

Their data included scores of motor skills, social skills and thinking skills. Researchers found that boys developed each of these skills more quickly when there were more girls in the class than boys.

In majority-girl classrooms, boys developed at the same rate as girls. But in classes where boys were the majority, boys developed more slowly than girls. Girls tended to advance in classrooms which had any combination of boys and girls.

The study is one of the first to look at how the proportion of boys and girls in a class affects learning. Because it’s a new finding, researchers don’t know why this difference exists.

“This is an exciting topic, but it’s too early to draw any conclusion because this area is so under-explored,” says psychologist Lean Malofeeva of the High/Scope Educational Research Foundation in Ypsilanti, Michigan.

81．What is the finding of the researchers led by Arlen Moller? (no more than 15 words)(2 marks)

82．According to the research , what effect does a minority-girl class have on boy’s study?(no more than 8 words)(3 marks)

83．How does Lean Malofeeva find the study of the researchers led by Arlen Moller?(no more than 6 words)(3 marks)

84．List three abilities the researchers focused on. (on more than 7 words)(3 marks)

根据首字母填写单词5% 

71.   Students should be e________________ in different ways, not only by the tests, but also by how they perform in class.

72.   Although Tom's only an a______________，he's a first - class player who has beat all the professional players in the team.

73.   Anyone who w___________ the attack should call the police and report what they saw.

74.   Even though Mr. Rodger d________ the rumors about the Hill House, his smile and the jewelry in the box made us believe that house was actually a haunted house.

75.   We don’t know for sure if it is true that playing the piano makes your fingers skinnier and longer, but people with s_________ fingers are said to be better at it.  

76.   I a_______________ spilled my drink all over him at the party. He got mad at me, although I didn’t mean to.

77.  At the beginning of each semester, teachers usually give n_______________ classes to let students have a general picture about the subjects they are learning this semester.

78.  Arlington National Cemetery in Washington, D.C serves as a b______________ place for people of national and historical importance.

79.  Experienced spies are very good at d_____________. It’s pretty difficult to identify them.

80.  The film To Kill a Mocking Bird was a_________________ from a novel of the same title written by Harper Lee. However, many people prefer the original work to the movie.

Many children would start school hungry without breakfast clubs, teachers have claimed. A new survey suggests these clubs are the only way many students can get a meal before lessons.

     About 54% of the 552 school staff questioned by the Association of Teachers and Lecturers(ATL)said their school provides a breakfast club for pupils. The biggest reason for them to attend these clubs is that their parents or carer goes to work early, cited by 76.8% of those questioned.

     About 22.6% said children attended due to lack of money at home because parents or carers are unemployed and 15.2% said lack of money at home due to changes or cuts to benefits.

About 17.6% said pupils mainly attend breakfast clubs to socialize.

    The survey found that teachers believe that offering breakfast to pupils often helps improve their concentration and ability to learn. One primary school teacher said: “Although there is a charge for our breakfast club, we have accessed funding for those pupils on free school meals and the breakfast club had an effect on their attendance, concentration and being in school for the start of lessons.

     ATL general secretary Dr Roper said a nutritious meal at the start of the day has a huge impact on pupils’ ability to learn. “Many schools do everything they can to ensure children eat well during school term-time. But there are many children living in poverty, who we fear won’t be getting a decent meal a day in the holidays and this is something the government needs to address,” she said.

     A Department for Education spokesman said: “We know how important it is for children to

have a good breakfast. We want schools and local authorities to use their budgets to best meet the needs of their children. Many provide breakfast clubs which offer a free meal to children from poorer families. The Pupil Premium, which will double to ￡ 2.5 billion in 2014-2015, targets extra money to help schools to provide support such as this to the most disadvantaged children. The free school meal scheme also ensures that these children have access to a nutritious lunch every day.

1.How many factors are mentioned which can account for the popularity of breakfast clubs?

A. Two.                                     B. Three.                                 C. Four.                       D. Five.

2.By getting breakfast offered by breakfast clubs, pupils can______.

A. perform better in their study        

B. know how they can save money

C. eat better for their lunch and supper  

D. make more friends with their classmates

3.The pupil Premium and the free school meal scheme are mentioned in order to show_____.

A. every child should get access to a nutritious meal

B. breakfast clubs play a key role in children’s growth

C. many efforts are made to provide a good and free meal

D. many schools can’t offer a good and free meal to children

4.In which part of a magazine can we probably read this passage?

A. Entertainment.       B. Education.       C. Culture.        D. Health.

Many children would start school hungry without breakfast clubs, teachers have claimed. A new survey suggests these clubs are the only way many students can get a meal before lessons.
About 54% of the 552 school staff questioned by the Association of Teachers and Lecturers(ATL)said their school provides a breakfast club for pupils. The biggest reason for them to attend these clubs is that their parents or carer goes to work early, cited by 76.8% of those questioned.
About 22.6% said children attended due to lack of money at home because parents or carers are unemployed and 15.2% said lack of money at home due to changes or cuts to benefits.
About 17.6% said pupils mainly attend breakfast clubs to socialize.
The survey found that teachers believe that offering breakfast to pupils often helps improve their concentration and ability to learn. One primary school teacher said: “Although there is a charge for our breakfast club, we have accessed funding for those pupils on free school meals and the breakfast club had an effect on their attendance, concentration and being in school for the start of lessons.
ATL general secretary Dr Roper said a nutritious meal at the start of the day has a huge impact on pupils’ ability to learn. “Many schools do everything they can to ensure children eat well during school term-time. But there are many children living in poverty, who we fear won’t be getting a decent meal a day in the holidays and this is something the government needs to address,” she said.
A Department for Education spokesman said: “We know how important it is for children to
have a good breakfast. We want schools and local authorities to use their budgets to best meet the needs of their children. Many provide breakfast clubs which offer a free meal to children from poorer families. The Pupil Premium, which will double to ￡ 2.5 billion in 2014-2015, targets extra money to help schools to provide support such as this to the most disadvantaged children. The free school meal scheme also ensures that these children have access to a nutritious lunch every day.
【小题1】How many factors are mentioned which can account for the popularity of breakfast clubs?

完形填空

　　Liberal education is becoming the task of teachers. It is 1 not only to teach and learn knowledge, but also develop a person’s character. Its 2 is to teach each student to think for himself and make 3 decisions. Now liberal education has a great effect on the world. Much work has been done to 4 a better way of teaching.

　　In a liberal 5 , students are encouraged to have their own thoughts and their own ideas 6 they have lessons which are often held in the form of 7 . They are properly guided to 8 the knowledge learned. Punishment 9 exists. Teachers and students are just like 10 .

　　The 11 is of course a perfect one if it can really be carried out. However, it 12 exists in the imagination and will never be realized. We must admit that children should at least be 13 properly. Just close your 14 and think how many students will 15 the duties of a student if they are not pushed. What is the 16 of advice only if it is not supported by a reasonable 17 of control and punishment?

　　It is 18 for us to judge the success and failure of the kind of education now, but 19 the behavior of the children, which is actually the 20 of liberal education; we can see that something must be done to help these children.

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