故事类阅读答案解析

阅读下面的文字，完成小题
池莉读《花经》
①一个人一生可做的事情很多，但世上不知多少聪明人，一生没有搞好一件事。在很长一个人生阶段里，我只长年岁不长心眼，想来真是痴长。
②先前，我外婆家屋后有一座大园子，园子里头长满花木蔬菜和中草药，芙蓉花、鸡冠花、桃树、垂柳、小白菜、香葱、车前草、鸡血藤等混长在一个园子，引得蜂来燕往蝶飞蚓爬，使儿时的我玩得十分着迷。
③当然，这种私家的园子后来很快就没有了，支援了国家建设。园子变成了一座丝织厂，工厂的围墙抵在我家屋后，整日整夜哐当哐当地响，我不喜欢这声音。从此，我一直心怀渴望，非常非常想养花种草。渴望与日俱增，可多年来就偏是没有机会，既没有自己的住房也没有自己的一寸土地。
④十几年熬过去，去年分得一套公寓，奔到阳台上一看，发现竟然留了养花槽。这一高兴，头脑轰地发了热，不知不觉拿业余爱好当了正经事做。一连好些日，提只篮子和小桶，四处挖湖泥。在大大忙了一阵之后，花种上了，草也养上了，菜子也撒上了。然后，抱着肩来来回回欣赏，倒真有一种了却了某个夙愿的感觉。以后每逢出差或笔会，凡遇上奇花异草，都挺执著地弄点回来栽进盆里。家里厨房三天两头做鱼、肉，也常记得将洗鱼洗肉的水倒入花槽。
⑤可是到了秋季，结果并不理想。葡萄才结了几颗，花儿没开几朵，从庐山植物园特意带回的碗莲之类也都死了。怎么回事呢?为此，我特意找了《花经》来读，读着读着，心中渐亮。合上《花经》，扔下花铲，淡然一笑：我不再养花了。实际上，《花经》这本厚书我翻来覆去看的只是前面一节：序言。
⑥序言里简洁地记叙了本书作者之父黄岳渊先生的一段经历。黄岳渊先生在宣统元年的时候本是一名朝廷命官，斯时年将三十。有一日黄先生想：古人曰三十而立，我该如何立人呢?他想，做官要应付人家，做商呢，又要坑害人家，得做一件得天趣的事才好，才算立了为人的根本，于是，黄先生毅然辞官隐退。他做什么呢?他购买田地十余亩(时田价每亩约二十金)，渐扩充至百亩。黄先生从此聚精会神，抱瓮执锄，废寝忘食，盘桓灌溉，甘为花木之保姆。果然，黄家花园欣欣向荣，蒸蒸日上，花异草奇，声名远扬。每逢花时，社会名流裙屐联翩，吟诗作赋。更有文人墨客指点花木，课睛话雨。众人深得启示：既混浊之世，百无一可，唯花木差可引为知已。
⑦据说当时的文坛名人周瘦鹃、郑逸梅等人皆为黄先生的花木挚友。黄先生养花养出了精神文明，养出了人间知已，养出了《花经》这等好书，恐怕这才叫养花种草!这才叫做了人生一件事!
⑧一件事要做好，岂能凭你心中有一点喜欢?有一点迷恋?三天浇点水，五天上点肥?
⑨曾少年狂妄，自以为聪明。把表面的一些由头借来，实际标榜自己为至情至性之人。这也做做，那也试试，好听人评价个多才多艺。近年来国家大兴经济，文人纷纷“下海”，我也曾与人发议论说作家的智商是足够经商的。最近由读《花经》而获顿悟：人的一生只能做一件事。政客们终身搞阴谋，商人们终身搞欺骗，情种终身搞爱情(比如贾宝玉)，黄岳渊先生终身搞花草。一生的时间并不多，一生的精力也不多，要搞好一件事实在不容易。用去一生，搞好了一件事，那也就够可以了。世上不知多少聪明人，一生没有搞好一件事。
⑩总之，我是不敢再说文人经商之类的话了，也不敢再狂热地养花弄草。就连剪裁时装、研究烹调之类的兴趣也淡了下来，兴致所至，偶尔为之，拿得起，放得下，决不长期牵肠挂肚。傻一点儿，笨一点儿，懒一点儿，冷一点儿，就做一件事——写作，我这一生。
【小题1】下列对作品的分析与概括，不恰当的两项是（  ）（  ）(5分)

A．外婆家后园的花红柳绿、虫鸣燕舞给儿时的“我”留下深深的印象，为“我”成年后的养花之渴望做了铺垫。

B．作者认为，自己在很长一个人生阶段只长年岁不长心眼，是因为自己连养花种草都做不好。

C．第⑥段叙述黄岳渊先生辞官种花之事，多用四字句和文言词语，既使文章语言凝练典雅，也可借此暗示黄岳渊先生的高雅。

D．文章先从自己种花草的经历谈起，再对照黄岳渊种花草的故事，顿悟出人的一生只能做一件事的道理，由事入理，说理既深刻又形象。

E．作者对种花草一事的感情变化经历了未种时的渴望、如愿后的高兴、秋收时的苦恼、彻悟后的淡然的过程。
【小题2】作者翻阅《花经》本是要寻找种花方法的，却转述了“序言”中黄岳渊先生的事迹，这样写有什么作用?(4分)
【小题3】品读文章第⑨段，简要解说作者所“顿悟”的“人的一生只能做一件事”的内涵，再结合文章内容谈谈怎样才能真正做到“人生只做一件事”。(6分)

阅读下面的文章．完成小题。
城市里的树
王亚田
树是城市的客人，树要在客人家里度过一生。
树的故乡在山林和旷野，那里有鸟语花香，有潺潺溪水，有它们相濡以沫的兄弟姐妹。如果它们的数量足够多，就构成了森林。自从有了城市，树的家族中一部分成员就背井离乡，来到城市的大街小巷。树一到城市，面临的是另一种森林——由高楼大厦构成的丛林。这里没有鸟语花香，只有车水马龙；没有潺潺溪水，只有钢筋水泥。从此，树看不见了土地。
人把自己弄得彻底与大地隔绝，而树永远需要脚踏实地。但是在城市水泥、柏油、砖块把土地覆盖．像古代犯人脖子上的枷板，把树干和树根隔开。水、泥，这是多么柔软的两个字眼，但组合成一个词时，就成为最坚硬的一种东西。城市的路面是不吸水的，每到下大点的雨，雨水便会沿路面滚滚而下，流进下水道，而不是树根，我就想树渴了怎么办？它会不会渴死呢，因为有了坚固的路面。城市的树也就不会“落叶归根”，树把叶子生出来，但叶子却找不到根，它们随风而飘，就像丢失的找不到父母的孩子。
人们不会给一棵树起一个名字，树总是以类的名义而存在，比如梧桐、白杨、松柏，其实每棵树也像每个人一样是不同的。城市的树不能像山林里的树那样自由生长，经常会被修剪，砍去旁逸斜出的枝条．这种修剪不是为了让树成材，而是嫌那些多余的枝条碍事。但修剪是人的事，而长成什么样子是树的事，现在的树与一千年前的树没有什么区别，但现在的人与一千年前的人已大不一样，绝大多数人都在按照别人的意志生活。
城市的树身上，经常贴满了办证电话、招聘启事、治病广告。每天上班路上，就可以看到一排梧桐树，每棵树上都密密麻麻地写上了各种电话号码，有的树干上电话能达到一二十个。树不但承受着污染，有时还得承受疼痛。经常会看到有的树上都钉进了钉子，上面挂着拖把，应该是路旁的几家小店干的。他们把自家店面拖得干干净净，却把拖把挂在了树上。
在我上班路上有一家花店就是如此干的，看着那些美丽的鲜花，突然觉得美和丑，距离竟是如此的近。
城市的道路不断在拓宽，而每次拓宽道路对树来说都可能是一次灾难，因为道路拓宽后原来在路边的树就处于了路蹭，这些树要么被砍伐，要么被重新移到新道路的边上，反正树永远只能靠边站。但是人挪活，树挪死。树被移动后，等于经历了一场浩劫，它枝头上原先的枝条要被全部砍掉，这就像一个得了重病的人做化疗、放疗后会失去一头的秀发。记得电视上介绍过山西的一个小城，一条主干道的中央长着一棵粗壮的古树，人流车流都绕着这棵树走。这是我见过的（而且是在电视上）唯一一棵长在路中间的树。我在想，这座城市当年修这条路时，可能有关部门对这棵树的去留进行过激烈的争论，最终他们决定留下这棵树，因为这棵树的年龄比这座城市里所有的人、建筑都要老。一瞬间我竟然有一种感动，觉得这个城市的人真伟大。
树在城市，一生过得伤痕累累。有一次在一个省会城市，我看见一棵合抱粗的梧桐树，被一辆满载货物的卡车拦腰撞断。从卡车头部凹进去的深度，能想象到当时的速度和冲击力。生活中，我常常发现一些善良、正直的人受到伤害，很长时间我想不通这是为什么。看见这棵被撞断的树后，我想通了，善良而正直的人与善良而正直的树有同样的遭遇，因为善良，他们都手无寸铁，虽然他们不会伤害别人，但别人却有可能欺负他们，而且由于善良者不善反击，那些欺负他们的人更可能有恃无恐，恶人反倒无人敢惹。因为正直，他们都不会弯曲和躲闪。伤害来临，会受伤更重。
我每天都会看见树，看见树的时候常常眼睛发潮，总是充满伤感。城市里的树就像进城的农民工，无依无靠。它们受尽委屈，却毫无怨言，受尽伤害，却充满宽容。树最终会原谅这一切，它必须在城里活下去。与世无争的树，笑看忙碌的人类，不知它们能看懂不？走在大街上，我看到所有的东西几乎都与钱有关，商店、饭店、银行、汽车、人流、叫卖声，只有树与利益无关。树只与阳光和土地发生联系。也许正因为树不产生效益，所以它们很多时候生活在人们的视线之外，人们漠视树，与漠视空气一样严重。其实树在城市完全是为人民服务的。树给人的很多，人给树的很少．但是似乎并没有多少人真正对树心存感激。如果城市没有树，只有柏油马路、钢筋水泥、高楼大厦，那么城市将会是多么地坚硬和干枯。正是树摇曳的身姿、葱笼的绿意．给了我们温柔、诗意、生动和美。
树一辈子站在一个地方，一动不动，不言不语，一世沉默。你如果与一棵树交上朋友，它会永远站在那里等你。
【小题1】为什么说“树是城里的客人”，文章在一开始就点明“树是城市的客人”有什么作用？（6分）
【小题2】结合上下文，解释下列句子的含义（4分）
①现在的树与一千年前的树没有什么区别，但现在的人与一千年前的人已大不一样。
②这个城市的人真伟大。
【小题3】作者说“我每天都会看见树，看见树的时候常常眼睛发潮，总是充满伤感”，原因是什么？（6分）
【小题4】有人说，本文表面上是写城里的树，实质上却是写进城务工的农民。对此，你的看法如何？请阐述理由。（6分）

阅读下面的文言文，完成小题。
王曾，字孝先，青州益都人。少孤，从学于里人张震，善为文辞。咸平中，由乡贡试礼部、廷对皆第一。杨亿见其赋，叹曰：“王佐器也。”宰相寇准奇之，特试政事堂，授秘书省著作郎、直史馆、三司户部判官。帝尝晚坐承明殿，召对久之；既退，使内侍谕曰：“向思卿甚，故不及朝服见卿，卿勿以我为慢也。”其见尊礼如此。
出知应天府。天禧中，民间讹言有妖起若飞帽。夜搏人，自京师以南，人皆恐。曾令夜开里门，敢倡言者即捕之，卒无妖。天圣四年夏，大雨。传言汴口决，水且大至，都人恐，欲东奔。帝问曾，曾曰：“河决奏未至，第民间妖言尔，不足虑也。”已而果然。
陕西转运使置醋务，以榷其利，且请推其法天下，曾请罢之。
曹利用恶曾班己上，尝怏怏不悦。及利用坐事，太后大怒，曾为之解。太后曰：“卿尝言利用强横，今何解也？”曾曰：“利用素恃恩，臣故尝以理折之。今加以火恶，则非臣所知也。”太后意少释，卒从轻议。
以彰信军节度使复知天雄军，契丹使者往还，敛车徒而后过，无敢哗者。人乐其政，为画像而生祠之。曾进退士人，莫有知者。范仲淹尝问曾曰：“明扬士类，宰相之任也。公之盛德，独少此耳。”曾曰：“夫执政者，恩欲门己，怨使谁归？”仲淹服其言。
曾资质端厚，眉目如画。在朝廷，进止皆有常处，平居寡言笑，人莫敢干以私。少与杨亿同在侍从，亿喜谈谑，凡僚友无不狎侮。至与曾言，则曰：“余不敢以戏也。”平生自奉甚俭，有故人子孙京来告别，曾留之具馔，食后，合中送数轴简纸，启视之，皆他人书简后裁取者也。
（《宋史·王曾传》）
【小题1】对下列句子中划线的词的解释，不正确的一项是（   ）

A．出知应天府知：主持、掌管

B．曹利用恶曾班己上，尝怏怏不悦班：等级、次第

C．人莫敢干以私干：求取

D．太后大怒，曾为之解解：解决

【小题2】下列句子编为四组，都能直接表现王曾的品行修养的一项是（   ）
①夫执政者，恩欲归己，怨使谁归？
②在朝廷，进止皆有常处，平居寡言笑。
③明扬士类，宰相之任也。公之盛德，独少此耳。
④利用素恃恩，臣故尝以理折之。今加以火恶，则非臣所知也。
⑤契丹使者往还，敛车徒而后过，无敢哗者。
⑥曾令夜开里门敢倡言者即捕乏，卒无妖。

A．①③④

B．②④⑤

C．①②④

D．②④⑥

【小题3】下列对原文的理解和分析，不正确的一项是（   ）

A．宋代咸平年间，王曾参加会试和殿试，都考了第一。宰相寇准看了他的文赋，慨叹道： “这真是王佐之材啊 ！”认为他是奇才。

B．陕西转运使以地方特产醋来谋利并且请求朝廷在全国推行这一办法的行为，被王曾上 奏废止，表现了王曾的爱民思想。

C．大臣曹利用与王曾的个人感情上有嫌隙，王曾对他的专横跋扈也常常加以抵制，但是 关键时刻却没有落井下石，表明了他的不畏权势和胸怀坦荡。

D．王曾之所以赢得朝廷内外、黎民百姓甚至外族使者的尊敬，除了他的文章才华、为政

能力之外，还因为他稳重的性格和公正无私、爱民、勤俭的品质。
【小题4】把文言文阅读材料中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。（10分）
（1）向思卿甚，故不及朝服见卿，卿勿以我为慢也。（4分）
（2）河决奏未至，第民间妖言尔，不足虑也。（3分）
（3）人乐其政，为画像而生祠之。（3分）

阅读下面的文言文，完成小题。
王曾，字孝先，青州益都人。少孤，从学于里人张震，善为文辞。咸平中，由乡贡试礼部、廷对皆第一。杨亿见其赋，叹曰：“王佐器也。”宰相寇准奇之，特试政事堂，授秘书省著作郎、直史馆、三司户部判官。帝尝晚坐承明殿，召对久之；既退，使内侍谕曰：“向思卿甚，故不及朝服见卿，卿勿以我为慢也。”其见尊礼如此。
出知应天府。天禧中，民间讹言有妖起若飞帽。夜搏人，自京师以南，人皆恐。曾令夜开里门，敢倡言者即捕之，卒无妖。天圣四年夏，大雨。传言汴口决，水且大至，都人恐，欲东奔。帝问曾，曾曰：“河决奏未至，第民间妖言尔，不足虑也。”已而果然。
陕西转运使置醋务，以榷其利，且请推其法天下，曾请罢之。
曹利用恶曾班己上，尝怏怏不悦。及利用坐事，太后大怒，曾为之解。太后曰：“卿尝言利用强横，今何解也？”曾曰：“利用素恃恩，臣故尝以理折之。今加以火恶，则非臣所知也。”太后意少释，卒从轻议。
以彰信军节度使复知天雄军，契丹使者往还，敛车徒而后过，无敢哗者。人乐其政，为画像而生祠之。曾进退士人，莫有知者。范仲淹尝问曾曰：“明扬士类，宰相之任也。公之盛德，独少此耳。”曾曰：“夫执政者，恩欲门己，怨使谁归？”仲淹服其言。
曾资质端厚，眉目如画。在朝廷，进止皆有常处，平居寡言笑，人莫敢干以私。少与杨亿同在侍从，亿喜谈谑，凡僚友无不狎侮。至与曾言，则曰：“余不敢以戏也。”平生自奉甚俭，有故人子孙京来告别，曾留之具馔，食后，合中送数轴简纸，启视之，皆他人书简后裁取者也。
（《宋史·王曾传》）
【小题1】对下列句子中划线的词的解释，不正确的一项是（   ）

A．出知应天府知：主持、掌管

B．曹利用恶曾班己上，尝怏怏不悦班：等级、次第

C．人莫敢干以私干：求取

D．太后大怒，曾为之解解：解决

【小题2】下列句子编为四组，都能直接表现王曾的品行修养的一项是（   ）
①夫执政者，恩欲归己，怨使谁归？
②在朝廷，进止皆有常处，平居寡言笑。
③明扬士类，宰相之任也。公之盛德，独少此耳。
④利用素恃恩，臣故尝以理折之。今加以火恶，则非臣所知也。
⑤契丹使者往还，敛车徒而后过，无敢哗者。
⑥曾令夜开里门敢倡言者即捕乏，卒无妖。

A．①③④

B．②④⑤

C．①②④

D．②④⑥

【小题3】下列对原文的理解和分析，不正确的一项是（   ）

A．宋代咸平年间，王曾参加会试和殿试，都考了第一。宰相寇准看了他的文赋，慨叹道： “这真是王佐之材啊 ！”认为他是奇才。

B．陕西转运使以地方特产醋来谋利并且请求朝廷在全国推行这一办法的行为，被王曾上 奏废止，表现了王曾的爱民思想。

C．大臣曹利用与王曾的个人感情上有嫌隙，王曾对他的专横跋扈也常常加以抵制，但是 关键时刻却没有落井下石，表明了他的不畏权势和胸怀坦荡。

D．王曾之所以赢得朝廷内外、黎民百姓甚至外族使者的尊敬，除了他的文章才华、为政

能力之外，还因为他稳重的性格和公正无私、爱民、勤俭的品质。
【小题4】把文言文阅读材料中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。（10分）
（1）向思卿甚，故不及朝服见卿，卿勿以我为慢也。（4分）
（2）河决奏未至，第民间妖言尔，不足虑也。（3分）
（3）人乐其政，为画像而生祠之。（3分）

阅读下面的文言文，完成小题。（15分）
孔子游乎缁帷之林，休坐乎杏坛之上。弟子读书，孔子弦歌鼓琴。奏曲未半，有渔父者，下船而来，须眉交白，被发揄袂，行原以上，距陆而止，左手据膝，右手持颐以听。曲终而招子贡、子路二人俱对。
客指孔子曰：“彼何为者也？”子路对曰：“鲁之君子也。”客问其族。子路对曰：“族孔氏。”客曰：“孔氏者何治也？”子路未应，子贡对曰：“孔氏者，性服忠信，身行仁义，饰礼乐，选人伦。上以忠于世主，下以化于齐民，将以利天下。此孔氏之所治也。”又问曰：“有土之君与？”子贡曰：“非也。”“侯王之佐与？” 子贡曰：“非也。”客乃笑而还，行言曰：“仁则仁矣，恐不免其身。苦心劳形以危其真。呜呼！远哉其分于道也！”
子贡还，报孔子。孔子推琴而起，曰：“其圣人与！”乃下求之，至于泽畔，方将杖拏而引其船，顾见孔子，还乡而立。孔子反走，再拜而进。
客曰：“子将何求？”孔子曰：“曩者先生有绪言而去，丘不肖，未知所谓，窃待于下风，幸闻咳唾之音以卒相丘也。”客曰：“嘻！甚矣，子之好学也！”孔子再拜而起，曰：“丘少而修学，以至于今，六十九岁矣，无所得闻至教，敢不虚心！”
客曰：“同类相从，同声相应，固天之理也。吾请释吾之所有而经子之所以。子之所以者，人事也。天子、诸侯、大夫、庶人，此四者自正，治之美也；四者离位，而乱莫大焉。官治其职，人忧其事，乃无所陵。故田荒室露，衣食不足，征赋不属，妻妾不和，长少无序，庶人之忧也；能不胜任，官事不治，行不清白，群下荒怠，功美不有，爵禄不持，大夫之忧也；廷无忠臣，国家昏乱，工技不巧，贡职不美，春秋后伦,不顺天子,诸侯之忧也；阴阳不和，寒暑不时，以伤庶物，诸侯暴乱，擅相攘伐，以残民人，礼乐不节，财用穷匮，人伦不饬，百姓淫乱，天子有司之忧也。今子既上无君侯有司之势而下无大臣职事之官而擅饰礼乐选人伦以化齐民不泰多事乎！”
（节选自《庄子·渔父》）
【小题1】下列对划线的字解释不正确的一项是（      ）

A．身行仁义身：亲自	B．顾见孔子，还乡而立乡：故乡
C．孔氏者何治也治：研习	D．人忧其事，乃无所陵陵：侵扰

【小题2】下列各组句子中，划线字的意义和用法相同的一项是（     ）

A．休坐乎杏坛之上胡为乎惶惶欲何之

B．行原以上，距陆而止去以六月息者也

C．其圣人与其如土石何

D．乃下求之乃幽武置大窖中

【小题3】对加点句子的断句，正确的一项是（      ）

A．今子既上无君侯/有司之势而下/无大臣职事之官/而擅饰礼乐/选人伦以化齐民/不泰多事乎！

B．今子既上无君侯有司之势/而下无大臣职事之官/而擅饰礼乐/选人伦以/化齐民/不泰多事乎！

C．今子既上无君侯/有司之势而/下无大臣/职事之官而擅饰礼乐/选人伦以化齐民/不泰多事乎！

D．今子既上无君侯有司之势/而下无大臣职事之官/而擅饰礼乐/选人伦/以化齐民/不泰多事乎！

【小题4】把文言文阅读材料中的句子翻译成现代汉语。（6分）
（1）左手据膝，右手持颐以听。曲终而招子贡、子路二人俱对。
（2）幸闻咳唾之音以卒相丘也。

名著阅读题，从下面提供的篇名中选择正确的选项。（3分）
A．《二十四孝图》        B．《无常》       C．《琐记》
（1）“好。那么，走罢！”而去“寻别一类人们去”一语出自鲁迅的（  ▲  ）
（2）鲁迅借众鬼嘲弄人生，用阴间讽刺阳世，对“正人君子们”进行了淋漓尽致的嘲弄和鞠挞的文章是（  ▲  ）
（3）作者回忆少年读了这一本教科书后，觉得其中“自然也有可以勉力仿效的故事”，如“子路负米”，“黄香扇枕”，“陆绩怀橘”之类。而“哭竹生笋”的故事则有些可疑，还有“卧冰求鲤”的故事，如模仿则有性命之忧了。这些故事来自于（  ▲  ）

   请根据以下内容，写一篇80~90词左右的短文。要 点如下：

    1. 我非常喜欢阅读，每周我花费5个多小时阅读各 种类型的书籍。

    2. 其中,我最喜欢阅读罗伯特•路易斯•史蒂文森 (Robert Lou is Stevenson ) 的小说，因为我发现它们太精 彩了。

    3. 比如，《金银岛》(TVeamre /sZarad) 讲述的是一个小 男孩的故事。他出海航行，寻找宝藏。

   4. 故事给了我很大的信心。读完这本书，我不再像 以前那样害羞。

    5. 将来，我也想……

要求：1. 要点齐全，可适当增加细节，使句子通顺、 连贯D

2. 第5点展开合理想象，发挥1 -2句。

 

书面表达（10分）

请根据以下内容，写80-90词左右的短文。要点如下：

1. 我非常喜欢阅读，每周我花费5个多小时阅读各种类型的书籍。

2. 其中，我最喜欢阅读罗伯特.路易斯.史蒂文森(Robert Louis Stevenson)的小说，因为我发现他们太精彩了。

3. 比如，《金银岛》(Treasure Island)讲述的是一个小男孩的故事。他出海航行，寻找宝藏。

4. 故事给了我很大的信心。读完这本书，我不再像以前那样害羞。

5. 将来，我也想……

要求：1要点齐全，可适当增加细节使句子通顺，连贯。

2 第5点展开合理想象，发挥1-2句。

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

小说粘住你我他
①为什么名著能够经受时间和文化的洗礼而流传下来？有人说是因为它们文字优美，有人说是因为它们故事情节动人，还有人说它们深刻地剖析了人性。最近一项对英国维多利亚文学的读者调查发现，最后一种说法可能是小说具有持久魅力的重要原因，因为小说反映了我们人类在进化过程中形成的观念，或者说是某种形式的人性。
②美国密苏里大学的专家们专门研究了达尔文的进化理论如何应用到了文学中。他们做了一次调查，让500个读者填写了关于200部维多利亚女王时代的小说的调查问卷。被调查者要填写自己认为的主角或配角的性格特点，然后描述他们的个性和动机，比如他们是否有责任心或者支配欲很强等。
③结果发现，小说中的角色可以划分为鲜明的几类。一般来说，那些主角，比如简•奥斯汀的名著《傲慢与偏见》中的伊丽莎白•贝内特，她在责任心、有教养方面获得了读者的高分，而那些配角在获取社会地位、支配欲上的得分很高。而且在小说中，有支配欲的角色受到了作者的强烈谴责，这些坏家伙都是一些想支配他人的“机器”，他们过于我行我素，很少有亲近社会的行为。
④其实，中国小说中的角色也有类似的现象。比如在《三国演义》中，刘备是作者力捧的正面人物，不仅有“携民渡江”的高度责任心，还一心一意要匡扶汉室，拯救天下苍生；而曹操则是小说中的大反派，“宁可我负天下人，不可教天下人负我”就是出自他口，而且挟天子以令诸侯，具有极强的权力欲和支配欲。
⑤专家们分析了调查结果后认为，这些对立的小说角色其实反映了人类经历了漫长的狩猎－采集原始社会后形成的集体观念，在那样的社会中，由于要和自然界进行艰苦的抗争，个人的强势被部落集体的利益所压制了。而小说中恰恰反映了个人支配欲和集体利益之间的根本对立，虽然在今天的世界上很少有人还生活在狩猎－采集社会，但这个永恒的主题依然让小说深入人心，因为它的确反映了远古形成的人性。
⑥另外一些角色的分数介于好人和坏人之间，比如《呼啸山庄》中的西斯科里夫或者《傲慢与偏见》中的达西先生，他们在小说中的出现表明，人们为了维护集体的社会秩序，对个人产生了压力，这种冲突以这些角色的形式被反映了出来。
⑦小说就像是一种粘合社会的胶水，增强了那些能造福整个社会的行为，这些行为可能是人类在与环境的抗争中逐渐进化出来的。另一方面，小说和某些社会警示故事的效果是一样的。在原始社会，打猎为生的原始人谈论一些人的欺骗和欺凌弱小的行为，以达到不让坏人得偿所愿的目的。而小说同样起到了这个效果，人们通过阅读小说，了解了坏人的伎俩，避免自己今后上当受骗。
⑧小说不仅是进化的产物，它实际上也正在影响人类社会未来的进化。
【小题1】阅读第①段，说说“为什么名著能够经受时间和文化的洗礼而流传下来”。
【小题2】第⑤段中“永恒的主题”指的是什么？
【小题3】结合全文，谈谈你对最后一段的理解。
【小题4】请结合《简•爱》或《水浒传》的内容，位第③段或第④段增加一个事实论据。
第（    ）段：                                                        

阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。

Peter kept his eyes on the grounds. He felt like there was a heavy weight on his shoulders as he walked home alone. It was the ______ day of his life. His mind would not stop thinking about what happened only just an hour ago on the soccer field. How could he have missed scoring that goal? He had let his whole team down. His stupid mistake made him angry. His team had lost the game because of him. He was really ______ that his coach might kick him off the team.

As soon as he walked through the door, his father asked, “ What’s wrong, son?” Peter’s feeling were written all over his face. “I ______ the game,” Peter replied. Then he went into his room without another word. Ten minutes later, Peter heard his father knocking on his bedroom door. He ______ the door to let him in.

“Look, Peter. I don’t know what happened. But whatever it was, don’t be too worried on yourself.”

“I lost the game, Dad. I ______ my team. They’ll probably never let me play again.”

“Soccer is about team effort. You’re not the only reason your team lost. If you have a good team, you should support each other. Besides, winning or losing is only half the game. Another half is ______ how to communicate with your teammates and learning from your mistakes.

Peter didn’t say anything, but what his father said made him think ______.

The next day, Peter went to soccer practice with courage in his heart. “Hey, guys” he said to his ______. “I’m really sorry about yesterday. We were so close to winning that game. But I think if we ______ to pull together, we’re going to win the next one.”

To his surprise, his teammates all nodded in ______.

“Yeah,” they said, “don’t worry about it. It’s never just one person’s fault. We should think about how we can do better next time.”

Peter smiled. It made him feel lucky to know that he was on a winning team.

1.A．best B．worst C．latest D．newest

2.A．lucky B．surprised C．worried D．pleased

3.A．missed B．won C．joined D．lost

4.A．knocked B．closed C．opened D．locked

5.A．chose B．failed C．helped D．forgot

6.A．teaching B．choosing C．learning D．showing

7.A．carefully B．cheerfully C．nervously D．proudly

8.A．classmates B．teammates C．teachers D．friends

9.A．complete B．complain C．compare D．continue

10.A．agreement B．excitement C．achievement D．enjoyment

考点：人物传记／故事类阅读

阅读短文，然后在文后表格内完成内容摘要（每空不超过三个单词）。

Almost every child in cities has the chance to go to school, but not all children in the countryside are so luckily.

There is a girl called Xiao Juan. She is ten years old and lives in a small village. When she was seven, she wanted to go to school. But she could not, because her family was too poor to afford the school fees(学费) for her, so her parents had to keep her at home. Instead of studying, Xiao Juan looked after her brother and worked in the fields every day. Then Hope Project heard about Xiao Juan. It agreed to help Xiao Juan to go to school. Her wish of study came true, and now she is studying in a school.

Unluckily, there are many thousands of children who can not go to school. You can join in Hope Project and help these children. You know all the good work needs money. Hope Project needs your help.

If you give Hope Project ￥300 each year, it can pay for one child to go school for a whole year. With more money, Hope Project can build new schools, buy good desks, chairs, blackboards and books. Let’s help the children together and give them a chance to have a good start in life.

Information Card

The girl’s name	1.____________.
Her age	2.____________.
The place where she lives	In a 3.______ _____.
The reason she couldn’t go to school	Her parents couldn't afford 4.__________.
Who helped the girl to go to school?	5.____________.

【答案】

6.Xiao Juan

7.ten years old

8.small village

9.the school fees

10.Hope Project

【解析】

试题分析：这篇短文主要介绍了在城市几乎每个孩子都有机会上学,但在农村并不是所有的孩子都如此幸运。文章通过小娟的故事，告诉我们还有许多上不起学的孩子。呼吁大家加入希望工程，为贫困儿童尽一份力。

11.细节理解题。根据短文第二段There is a girl called Xiao Juan.可知女孩的名字是小娟，故填Xiao Juan

12.细节理解题。根据第二段She is ten years old and lives in a small village.可知她十岁了，故填ten years old

13.细节理解题。根据第二段She is ten years old and lives in a small village.可知她十岁了，住在一个小村庄。故填small village

14.细节理解题。根据第二段because her family was too poor to afford the school fees(学费) for her可知她的父母太穷不能负担的起她的学费。故填the school fees

15.细节理解题。根据第三段Then Hope Project heard about Xiao Juan. It agreed to help Xiao Juan to go to school 可知希望工程听说小娟的故事，同意帮助她上学，故填Hope Project

考点：故事类短文阅读。

【题型】阅读理解
【适用】较难
【标题】2014年湖南省祁阳县初中学业水平考试模拟（19）英语试卷（带解析）
【关键字标签】
【结束】
 

A: Hi,Ann,You were not at school this morning.

16.______________________

B: Oh,I had a headache and had to ask for sick leave.

A17.___________________.Did you see the doctor?

B: My mother took me to the hospital. The doctor said I had a cold.

A: 18.____________________?

B:Yes, a little ,The doctor told me to take the medicine three times a day and drink more water.

A19._____________________?

B: Yes,much better.

A:I hope you take more exercise and keep healthy.

B:I will. 20.___________________.

 

One night about nine o’clock, Dr. Eyck, a surgeon(外科医生), had a phone call from Dr. Haydon at the hospital in Clens Falls. The surgeon was asked to go there at once to operate on a very sick boy who shot himself while playing with a gun.

The doctor was soon on his way to Clens Falls.It was 60 miles away.And it was snowing heavily in the sky.The surgeon thought he could get there before 12 o’clock.A few minutes later, the doctor was stopped by a man in an old black coat.Gun in hand,the man ordered the doctor to get out.Then the man drove the car down the road,leaving the doctor in the falling snow.

It was after two o’clock in the morning when the doctor arrived at the hospital in Clens Falls. Dr. Haydon told him that the boy had died an hour before. The two doctors walked by the door of the hospital waiting room. There sat the man in the old black coat with his head in his hands.

“Mr. Cunningham,” said Dr. Haydon to the man, “this is Dr. Eyck. He is the surgeon who came all the way from Albany to save your boy.”

1.Choose the right order(顺序) of the events given in the story.

A. Dr. Eyck was asked to come to the hospital in Clens Falls.

B. Dr. Eyck arrived at the hospital.

C. The boy shot himself.

D.The boy died.

E. The man in an old coat reached the hospital.

F. Dr. Eyck was robbed(抢劫) of his car.

A．a-c-f-d-b-e B. c-e-f-a-b-d

C. a-c-f-e-d-b D. c-a-f-e-d-b

2.The boy died because ________.

A. Dr. Haydon didn’t to anything to save him

B. he was too far away from hospital

C. something was wrong with Dr. Eyck’s car

D. Dr. Eyck was not able to arrive at the hospital in time

3.Who should be responsible for (对……负责) the boy’s death?

A. The hospital. B. The boy’s father.

C. Dr. Haydon. D. Dr. Eyck.

【答案】

4.D

5.D

6.B

【解析】

试题分析：一天晚上九点钟左右，艾克医生被要求去在“Clen Fall”的医院给一名射伤自己的小男孩做手术。雪下得很大，艾克医生想他能在12点之前到达医院。路上艾克医生的车被一名穿黑色旧外套的男人抢劫了。当他早上两点以后到达医院时小男孩已经在一个小时之前死了。他的父亲就是抢劫医生车的男人。

7.细节理解题。根据文章可知，故事的发展顺序为小男孩射伤自己、艾克医生被要求去医院、艾克医生汽车被抢劫、穿就外套的男人到达医院、男孩死亡、艾克医生到达医院，所以是c-a-f-e-d-b，选D。

8.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三、四段可知，小男孩在艾克医生到达之前一个小时死去了。故选D。

9.细节理解题。根据文章可知小男孩的父亲就是抢劫艾克医生汽车的人，因为他艾克医生未能及时赶到医院。

考点：故事类阅读。

【题型】阅读理解
【适用】一般
【标题】2014届江苏无锡侨谊实验中学九年级上期中英语试卷（带解析）
【关键字标签】
【结束】
 

We are already familiar with computers-computers work for us at home, in offices and in factories. But it is also true that many children today are using computers at schools before they can write. What does this mean for the future? Are these children lucky or not?

Many people who do not know about computers think of them as machines that children play with. They worry that children do not learn from experience but just from pressing a button and that this is not good for them. They think that children are growing not knowing about the real world.

But people who understand more about computers say that computers can be very good for children. A computer can help them to learn about the real world more quickly, to learn what they want to learn and think for themselves. And for the future, don't we need people who can think clearly, who know how to get information quickly and use it well? What do you think?

10."to be familiar with" means to _______.

A. know nothing B. know about

C. dislike D. like

11.Does everyone think computers are good for children?

A. Yes, they do. B. No, not everyone thinks do

C. They don't know. D. They are not sure.

12.What can computers help children to do?

A. To think clearly, to do homework and to write.

B. To play games, to do math and to copy.

C. To think clearly, to get information and to use it well.

D. To count, to clean the house and to get information.

13.Does the writer think computer is a good thing?

A. It isn't mentioned.

B. No, he doesn't think so.

C. He doesn't know.

D. Yes, he does.

 

We are already familiar with computers-computers work for us at home, in offices and in factories. But it is also true that many children today are using computers at schools before they can write. What does this mean for the future? Are these children lucky or not?

Many people who do not know about computers think of them as machines that children play with. They worry that children do not learn from experience but just from pressing a button and that this is not good for them. They think that children are growing not knowing about the real world.

But people who understand more about computers say that computers can be very good for children. A computer can help them to learn about the real world more quickly, to learn what they want to learn and think for themselves. And for the future, don't we need people who can think clearly, who know how to get information quickly and use it well? What do you think?

1."to be familiar with" means to _______.

A. know nothing B. know about

C. dislike D. like

2.Does everyone think computers are good for children?

A. Yes, they do. B. No, not everyone thinks do

C. They don't know. D. They are not sure.

3.What can computers help children to do?

A. To think clearly, to do homework and to write.

B. To play games, to do math and to copy.

C. To think clearly, to get information and to use it well.

D. To count, to clean the house and to get information.

4.Does the writer think computer is a good thing?

A. It isn't mentioned.

B. No, he doesn't think so.

C. He doesn't know.

D. Yes, he does.

【答案】

5.B

6.B

7.C

8.D

【解析】

试题分析：我们已经熟悉电脑——电脑在家、办公室和工厂里为我们工作。但是许多学生在学校写之前用电脑也是事实。许多不了解电脑的人认为孩子们只敲打键盘不了解真实的世界。但是对电脑了解更多的人说电脑对孩子有好处。电脑帮助孩子们更快地了解真实的世界，学习他们想学的知识并学会自己思考。

9.句意推测题。根据文章第一句话后半句，电脑在家、办公室和工厂里为我们工作，可以推测"to be familiar with"意思是了解，熟悉。故选B。

10.细节理解题。根据文章第二、三段可知，不了解电脑的人担心孩子们只玩电脑不了解真实的世界；了解电脑的人认为电脑对孩子们有好处。故选B。

11.细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二、三句可知，电脑帮助孩子们更快地了解真实的世界，学习他们想学的知识并学会自己思考，将来我们需要这样的人。故选C。

12.细节理解题。根据文章第三段第三句，将来我们不需要冷静思考、快速获得信息并熟练应用电脑的人吗？可知作者认为电脑是个好东西。故选D。

考点：社会类阅读。

【题型】阅读理解
【适用】一般
【标题】2014届江苏无锡侨谊实验中学九年级上期中英语试卷（带解析）
【关键字标签】
【结束】
 

根据句意，写出括号内所给单词的适当形式

13.The person who dislikes fishing seems （patient）in his work.

14.The team leader （active）does extra work for us.

15.After a (far) talk， they agreed with each other.

16.Many people put photos of (they) on Face book to make new friends.

 

As a teacher, my daily life includes driving to a new school so I’m usually unable to anticipate (预料) the day’s events, good or bad!

One day, I was teaching in a very difficult classroom. I was managing behavior all morning and by lunch time, I knew I needed coffee to even consider surviving the afternoon. So on my lunch break, I drove to a coffee shop nearby to get a cup of coffee. While returning to the car I realized I had locked my keys and my phone inside! I had about 15 minutes to get back to the school which was a good 4- or 5- minute drive away. I considered rushing back, but it being winter, I thought a fall on ice would only make the situation much worse.

So I ran into a McDonald’s and asked the man at the counter (柜台) who happened to be the manager to please call me a taxi. I explained my situation to him, and I could tell by the look in his eyes, that he took pity. He hurried to the back to use the phone while I walked in the restaurant. I had less than 10 minutes to get back to my school at this point.

The manager returned only to tell me that the taxi company had put him on hold and then the line got disconnected, and that he was now on hold again, but had not yet been able to ask for the taxi yet.

Without a thought, he caught his coat and offered to drive me to the school. Immediately I followed him into his car and made it back into my classroom with 2 minutes left before the bell!

While arriving at the school, I thanked this man endlessly. His calm behavior and kind nature made me think he was probably a wonderful manager to work for, and also a wonderful human being to have on his earth. This experience makes me realize that out of every hopeless situation, there is the chance for acts of kindness to happen, which can create an unimaginable impression to those who receive them.

1.Why did the writer want to get a cup of coffer?

A. Because he was very thirsty at that time.

B. Because he was only interested in drinking coffee.

C. Because he had to make himself fresh for the classes in the afternoon.

D. Because he wanted to do something special to pass the whole afternoon.

2.The writer _______ so he gave up the idea of going back to school on foot when he found his keys and phone were locked inside the car.

A. was too tired to walk further B. was afraid of falling down on ice

C. asked the manager to call him a cab D. decided to take a school bus

3.The writer has probably stayed in the McDonald’s for about ______.

A. 15 minutes B. 8-9 minutes C. 4-5 minutes D. 2 minutes

4.What kind of person is the manager?

A. Intellectual. B. Special. C. Gentle. D. Helpful.

【答案】

5.C

6.B

7.B

8.D

【解析】

试题分析：短文大意：作者在咖啡店喝咖啡后发现钥匙和手机都在车里面。她在麦当劳向经理寻求帮助，在经理的帮助下，及时赶回了学校。

9.C细节题。从第二段的句子：I knew I needed coffee to even consider surviving the afternoon.可知作者需要咖啡使自己下午上课有精神。选C

10.B细节题。根据文章I considered rushing back, but it being winter, I thought a fall on ice would only make the situation much worse.可知，害怕在冰上掉下来。故选B.

11.B推断题。从第三段的句子：I had less than 10 minutes to get back to my school at this point.可知当时离上课还有10分钟，另外从第五段的句子：I followed him into his car and made it back into my classroom with 2 minutes to spare before the bell!可知作者到校的时候，离打铃还有2分钟，计算出作者在麦当劳呆了8、9分钟。故选B

12.D细节题。从最后一段的句子：His calm demeanor（举止）and kind nature made me think he was probably a wonderful manager to work for,可知这个经理是很善良的，故选D。

考点：故事类短文阅读。

【题型】阅读理解
【适用】一般
【标题】2016届江苏无锡滨湖区官林教学联盟初三第二次模拟考试英语卷（带解析）
【关键字标签】
【结束】
 

Mary Buendia once spent a day in an airplane, looking for a cat. She didn't find it that day. The plane flew around all over the world for three weeks with the cat on board. She finally found it in the cargo hold and sent it home first-class. Another time ,she found two suitcases full of birds from Turkey. But her strangest experience was when she pulled a snake out of a man's pants.

Mary Buendia is an animal health inspector at JFK Airport in New York. She takes care of all the animals that pass through the airport and checks that they are healthy. In the Animal Health Center, there are areas for dogs, cats, reptiles, birds, and fish. There is also an area for very big animals. The biggest they ever had was a black rhino. "It was no problem." she says.

At the center, they receive all types of animals monkeys, wild cats, poisonous spiders. It's impossible for one person to know about all of these, but there are 20 people working with Mary. Among them, they understand how to take care of the animals. She recently had to feed a group of toucans, which are rare birds. "luckily," she says, "there is a supermarket nearby which is open 24 hours. I had to go at 2 a.m to buy bananas.

Mary often works at night. "It's quiet between 1 a.m. and 4 a.m." she says, "because we don't have night flights. We try to give the animals a quiet night." Mary clearly loves her job. "You never know what the day will bring,"she says, and goes off to feed the birds.

13.The best title of the passage will probably be _____.

A．JKF Airport in New York

B．Airport Health Inspector

C．Mary Buendia

D．Animal Health Center

14.Form the first paragraph, we can know that _____.

A．working as an Airport Health Inspector, Mary Buendea has various experiences

B．after the cat was found, it was sent home to New York

C．Mary got frightened when she pulled a snake out of a man's pants

D．Mary was tired of dealing with animals at the airport

15.We can infer from the passage that _____.

A．Mary often works at night during flights

B．it took Mary a whole day to find a lost cat in an airplane

C．only healthy animals can be permitted to go aboard the airplane

D．Mary knows everything about the animals by working with 20 other people