(安徽省马鞍山二中2009届高三第四次模拟考试E篇)

John Dalton was born in England in 1766，ten years before the U．S．Declaration of Independence was signed．His family lived in a small cottage．As a small child，John worked in the fields with his brother，and helped his father in a shop where they wove cloth. Most poor boys at that time received no education，but John was lucky to attend a nearby school In 1766，when only about one out of every 200 people could read．

    John was a good student and loved learning．His teachers encouraged him to study many things when he was twelve. He opened his first school in a nearby town，but there was little money．He had to close his schoo1．

    Three years later，he joined his older brother and a friend in running a school. John studied the weather and nature around him. He collected butterflies，snails and mites. He discovered he was colorblind and studied that,too．

    In 1793，John began to think about different elements and their composition. He had a theory that each element is made up of identical(完全相同的) atoms and that elements are different because each is made of different atoms．

    In 1808，Dalton published a book，which listed the atomic weights of many known elements．These formed the basis for the modern periodic table(元素周期表)．Not everyone accepted Dalton’ theory of atomic structure at the time．However，he had to defend it with more research．

    When John Dalton died in 1844，he was buried with honors in England．More 400,000 people viewed his body as it lay in state．As his final experiment，he asked that an autopsy(验尸)be performed to learn the cause of his color-blindness：This was done，and proved the color-blindness was caused not by a problem with his eyes，but with the way his brain worked．Even in death, he helped expand scientific knowledge．

    Today．scientists everywhere accept Dalton’s theory of atomic structure．A simple country boy showed the world a new way of thinking about the universe and how it is made．

73．John Dalton’s first school had to be closed mainly because___________．

A．he was color-blind                  

B．his family lived in a small cottage

C．he had hardly enough money to run I  

D．he lacked experience

74．Which of the following descriptions about John Dalton is wrong?

    A．John found a cure for color-blindness

    B．As a student，John was outstanding

    C．John used to help with farm work

    D．In his book，presentation of the atomic weight of many known elements was of great importance.

75．From the passage we may conclude that______．

    A．John Dalton’s only contribution to science was his achievement in chemistry

    B．as a great educator，John Dalton established the basis for education in England

    C．John Dalton’s book about the elements enjoyed great popularity then

    D．John Dalton devoted his entire life to science

 (安徽省芜湖一中2008年高三5月最后一模E篇)

China is going green. In order to reduce air pollution and oil-shortages, automobile manufacturers have announced their plans to develop hybrid vehicles(混合燃料汽车) for the Chinese market. Toyota’s hybrid car Prius will be ready to drive in China this week. Let’s have a look at the new car.

Any vehicle is hybrid when it combines two or more sources of power. Hybrid cars run off a rechargeable battery(电池) and gasoline(汽油). Hybrid cars have special engines, which are smaller than traditional gasoline engines. They run at 99 percent of their power when the car is cruising(巡航). A specially designed battery motor provides extra power for running up hills or when extra acceleration(加速) is needed.

Step into a Prius, and turn on the engine. The first thing you notice is how much quieter it is than a traditional car. At this point, the car’s gasoline engine is dormant(休眠). The electric motor will provide power until the car reaches about 24 km/h. If you stay at a low speed, you are effectively driving an electric car, with no gasoline being used, and no waste gas gives off.

The onboard(车载的) computer makes the decision about when to use a gas engine, when to go electric, and when to use a combination of the two. If you go over 24 km/h, when you step on the gas pedal(油门), you are actually telling the computer how fast you want to go.

The electronic motor recharges automatically using a set of batteries. When driving at high speed, the gasoline engine not only powers the car, but also charges the batteries. Any time you use the brake, the electric motor in the wheels will work like a generator(发电机) and produce electricity to recharge the batteries. As a consequence, the car’s batteries will last for around 200,000 miles.

72．The author writes this passage mainly to        .

A．teach people how to drive a hybrid car         

B．introduce a new kind of “green”car

C．show how to save their gasoline when driving a car

D．announce plans to develop hybrid vehicles for China

73．The first sentence probably refers to        .

A．there will be more and more green land in China

B．China is still young and lacking experience

C．China’s new cars are combinations of different green models

D．China has started producing environmentally friendly cars

74．Which of the following is NOT true?

A．The hybrid cars reduce air pollution and oil-shortages.

B．The car’s gasoline engine doesn’t work until it reaches about 24 km/h.

C．This kind of car is completely controlled by an onboard computer.

D．A specially designed battery motor provides extra power when needed.

75．What is the most important feature of hybrid cars?

A．They are powered by both a rechargeable battery and gasoline.

B．They are much quieter than traditional cars.

C．They only use 99 percent of their power to run up hills.

D．They have smaller engines than traditional gasoline ones.

Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.
PARIS
【小题1】Paris, the capital and the largest city of the country, is in north central France. The Paris metropolitan area contains nearly 20% of the nation’s population and is the economic, cultural, and political center of France. The French government has historically favored the city as the site for all decision making, thus powerfully attracting nearly all of the nation’s activities.
【小题2】Paris has grown steadily since it was chosen as the national capital in the late 10^th century. With the introduction of the Industrial Revolution, a great number of people moved to the city from the country during the 19^th century. The migration was especially stimulated by the construction of railroads, which provided easy access to the capital. After World War II more and more immigrants arrived.
【小题3】The city is the centralized control point of most national radio and television broadcasting. It is a place of publication of the most prestigious (有威望的) newspapers and magazines and an international book publishing center. With more than 100 museums, Paris has truly one of the greatest concentrations of art treasures in the world. The Louvre, opened as a museum in 1793, is one of the largest museums in the world.
【小题4】In the late 1980s about 4.1 million pupils annually attended about 47,000 elementary schools. In addition, about 5.4 million students attended some 11,200 secondary schools. Approximately 1.2 million students were enrolled annually at universities and colleges in France in the late 1980s. French centers of learning have served as academic models throughout the world.
【小题5】Paris is the leading industrial center of France, with about one quarter of the nation’s manufacturing concentrated in the metropolitan area. Industries of consumer goods have always been drawn to Paris by the enormous market of the big population; and modern, high-technology industries also have become numerous since World War II. Chief manufactures are machinery, automobiles, chemicals and electrical equipment.

Competition between international universities is heating up, as China grows as one of the largest exporters of students aiming to study abroad. “Lots of universities are becoming more and more aggressive to attract Chinese students. Every day I receive contacts from universities in the US expressing the desire to come to China to recruit students,” said Frank Joseph, a commercial officer from embassy of the United States.
One key reason why more Chinese students are able to study abroad is the economy: With China’s boom within the past decade, more families have the financial wherewithal(资金) to send their children to international universities. There will be a total of 200,000 family-funded Chinese students studying overseas in 2009, up 20 percent from last year, said Wu Zaofeng, deputy secretary general of China Education Association for International Exchange.
International institutions, Joseph said, are also facing increasingly tough financial situation with a shortage of domestic students and a drop in government subsidies(补贴). Students, especially in the US are paying high tuition fees and living expenses. Chinese students with money to spend, according to experts, can fill up the gap. Students on average spend 150,000 yuan to 200,000 yuan every year studying in US, according to statistics from the US Institute of International Education. During 2007-2008, there were approximately 81,000 Chinese students studying in the US, up 19.8 percent from 2006.
Representatives from approximately 60 universities from the United States are planning to arrive in Beijing this weekend to attract more Chinese students at this year’s fair. Besides the US, many other countries are also vying(竞争) to enroll Chinese students.
Post-study work visa put out by British government allows all international students completing a UK degree qualification to apply for a visa to stay on and look for work in UK for up to 2 years. Being the third most popular destination for international students next to the US and the UK, France has set up two types of scholarships and has handed out an increase of 26 percent in scholarship funds to Chinese students in recent years.
【小题1】The reason for heating up competition between international universities is ___.

Most Americans get what money they have from their work; that is, they earn an income from wages or salaries. The richest Americans, however, get most of their money from what they own — their stocks, bonds, real estate, and other forms of property, or wealth. Although there are few accurate statistics to go by, wealth in American society appears to be concentrated in very few hands. More than 20 percent of everything that can be privately owned is held by less than one percent of the adult population and more than 75 percent of all wealth is owned by 20 percent of American adults. The plain fact is that most Americans have no wealth at all aside from their homes, automobiles, and a small amount of savings.
Income in the United States is not as highly concentrated as wealth. In 1917 the richest 10 percent of American families received 26.1 percent of all income, while the poorest 10 percent received 17 percent, mainly from Social Security and other government payments. The most striking aspect of income distribution is that it has not changed significantly since the end of World War II. Although economic growth has roughly doubled real disposable (可自由使用的) family income (the money left after taxes and adjusted for inflation) over the last generation, the size of the shares given to the rich and the poor is about the same. By any measure economic inequality is great in the United States.
The reality behind these statistics is that a large number of Americans are poor. In 1918, 14 percent of the population was living below the federal government’s poverty line, which at that time was an annual income of $ 9 287 for a nonfarm family of two adults and two children. In other words, about one out of seven Americans over 31 million people was officially considered unable to buy the basic necessities of food, clothes, and shelter. The suggested poverty line in 1981 would have been an income of about $11, 200 for a family of four. By this relative definition, about 20 percent of the population or more than 45 million Americans are poor.
【小题1】What does the majority of the Americans have in terms of wealth?