3.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加"什么时候"、"什么地点"、"什么方式"等含义，应用when,where,how等词引导同位语从句。

　例1：I have no idea when he will be back.

　析：he will be back意义不完整，应加"什么时候"的含义才能表达idea的全部内容，因此应用when引导同位语从句。

　例2：I have no impression how he went home,perhaps by bike.

析：he went home意义不完整，应加"如何"的含义才能表达impression的全部内容，因此应用how引导同位语从句。

2.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加"是否"的含义，应用whether引导同位语从句。(if不能引导同位语从句)

　例：We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。

　析：the sports meeting will be held on time意义不完整，应加"是否"的含义才能表达the problem的全部内容，因此应用whether引导同位语从句。

1.如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。(即that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用)

　例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。

　析：the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容，且意义完整，因此应用that引导同位语从句。

　在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that,whether，what, which, who,when, where, why, how 等词引导，常放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,wish, promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion,等抽象名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系，对其内容作进一步说明。

　例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。

　析：they had won the game说明The news的全部内容，因此该句为同位语从句。

第5讲 同位语从句

2．误：Was it because it snowed last night when you didn’t come？

　正：Was it because it snowed last night that you didn’t come？

　译：你是否因昨晚下雪而没有来？

　析：应将when改为that，因为，原句还原为Because it snowed last night，you didn"t come后，在语法和句意上均成立，故此题是强调句型而非定语从句。

1．误：It was in the kitchen where the fire broke out．

　正：It was in the kitchen that the fire broke out．

　译：大火发生在厨房。

　析：应将where改that，因为原句还原为The fire broke out in the kitchen后，在语法和句意上均成立，故此题是强调句型，而非定语从句。

2．误：I don’t believe the reason why he has given for his being late．

　正：I don’t believe the reason that／which he has given for his being late．

　译：我不相信他所提供的他迟到的原因。

　析：应改why为that或which，因为从句谓语动词has given后缺少宾语，而不是缺少原因状语。

　(七)、误将强调句型当定语从句。如：

1．误：Have you asked her for the reason why may explain her absence？

　正：Have you asked her for the reason that／which may explain her absence？

　译：你是否向他问过可以解释他缺席的原因？

　析：应改why为that或which，因为定语从句缺少主语，而不是少原因状语。

2．误：This is the house where we lived in last year．

　正：This is the house which／that we lived in last year．

　译：这是我们去年住过的那个房子。

　析：应改where为which或that，因为从句谓语动词lived后有介词in，其后少介词宾语，而不是地点状语。

　(六)、在先行词reason后错用关系副词why。如：