19、One day when Isaac Newton was reading a book under an apple tree on the farm，an apple fell down and hit him on the head．For most people that would be the end of the story，but not for Newton．Why did the apple fall out of the tree? Does everything fall? What makes things fall? Can anything stop things from falling? Are the sun，moon，and stars falling? Why don't they ever hit the ground?

Newton spent many years answering these questions by thinking and doing experiments．He made up the law of gravity（引力定律）．According to this law everything pulls everything else to itself by a force（力）called gravity．How strong that force is depends on how heavy the things are and how close together．

Newton's law of gravity not only explained how things fall on earth，but how planets move around the sun and how moons move around planets．A friend of his，Edmund Halley，decided to try Newton's theory（理论）on comets（彗星）．People had been studying comets for hundreds of years but failed to understand them，so he decided to study their reports and compare them to Newton's theory．

Up till then people had thought that comets just came and went，and that nobody could know when or why．But Newton's law of gravity gave rules that Halley could use to study the records of comets．He found some reports of a big bright comet that he was sure was the same one，coming back every 75 years．He predicted（预测）when it would come back next．

Halley's prediction came true．Tile comet appeared at the right time as he predicted using Newton's ideas．This was enough to convince anybody who still didn't believe Newton．Halley's Comet has come a few times since then，always right on time．You'll be able to see it on its next trip near the sun and earth when you're old enough to be a grandparent．

1．The passage starts with a story to show _______．

A．it was such a funny one

B．Newton liked to eat apples

C．how much Newton liked reading

D．what led to Newton's discovery of gravity

2．How strong gravity is depends on _______ of the things according the Newton’s theory．

A．color and distance（距离）                      B．weight and distance

C．size and weight                                          D．size and color

3．According to the writer，Newton was especially different from others in that _______．

A．he liked reading under apple trees              B．he liked to find out how things worked

C．he was very quiet and patient                             D．he was so much interested in science

4．The underlined word convince in the last paragraph probably means “make people _______”．

A．believe                 B．doubt                   C．understand             D．relax

5．Which of the following is true about Edmund Halley?

A．He discovered a big bright comet

B．He helped Newton to create his theory．

C．He predicted when the same comet would come back．

D．He studied the comet for 75 years

18、Have you ever imagined yourself as a travel writer? Send us 500 words on your 2008 summer holiday，explaining what made it special—with as much detail as possible（place names，names of hotels／restaurants．what you especially enjoyed seeing and doing）．The best five entries，as chosen by our editors，will each win one of our five holiday prizes，and will be published in full in the Travel section of the Guardian（《卫报》）and on guardian.co.uk．

There are five categories（类别）and five different prizes which everyone can get．

Category：Activity，Adventure

Prize：a two-week campervan（野营车）holiday to New Zealand with Discover the world and Air New Zealand．Spend two weeks traveling in the country wherever the road takes you-from the beaches and cities of North Island to the beautiful scenery of the South Island．

Category：Family

Prize：A weekend in a tent for four people，staying on a private nature reserve（自然保护区）near Padstow，with Cornish Tent Holidays in connection with Neal's Yard Holidays．

Category：Beach

Prize：A trip for two to Damascus with Black Tomato，The prize includes return flights from London，a private guided tour of the city and four nights on the way．

Category：Camping

Prize：A pair of return flights for two to New York with STA Travel，including taxes．

Category：UK

Prize：A week of river cruising（乘船巡游）for two on a motorboat in Germany with European Boating Holidays．Visit the great lakes or travel in and around Berlin by river，and the trip includes return flights from London．

To enter the competition，send your entry to our website．Don't forget to tell us which of the five categories you are writing about，and include your name，address and telephone number．The deadline for entries is 11：59p．m．on Friday August 22，2008．

1．The purpose of the passage is to _______．

A．invite readers to travel abroad                    B．introduce holiday places to readers

C．ask readers to write articles on travel           D．help readers become writers

2．The underlined word entries in the first paragraph probably refers to “_______” ．

A．articles entered for a competition

B．words that are written by readers

C．editors，favorite readers

D．the best articles that wilt be popular soon

3．If you want to win a trip to New York，you should write something about _______．

A．family                  B．adventure             C．camping                 D．beach

4．_______ will arrange（安排）your trip if you win the prize for Category “Beach” ．

A．Cornish Tent Holidays                              B．Black Tomato

C．STA Travel                                               D．European Boating Holidays

5．You will go to _______ for a holiday if you win the prize for Category “UK”．

A．New Zealand        B．England               C．USA                      D．Germany

16、从A—G中选出可以填入对话空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Waiter：Good morning，madam．

Linda：Good morning．

Waiter：___1___

Linda：Yes．Can we have a table by the window?

Waiter：OK．___2___

（At the table）

Waiter：Here's the menu．___3___

Linda：Yes．We'd like chicken with potatoes，beef with onions and some rice．

Waiter：___4___

Linda：Apple juice．

Waiter：__5___

Linda：No，that's all．Thank You

15、--Which would you like，tea or coffee?

-- _________ is OK．I really don't mind．

A．Both             B．Either           C．None              D．Neither

14、Dad，the phone is ringing．I guess either you or Mum _________ on the phone．

A．is wanted             B．are wanted           C．wants             D．want

13、--Look! How fast he is running!

--Hard to _________ his legs were once broken．

A．know                  B．realize           C．imagine            D find

12、--Did you see a girl in red pass by just now?

--No，sir．I _________ a newspaper．

A．have read             B．am reading           C．would read             D．was reading

11、Try to guess its meaning when you meet a new word．Don't _________ your dictionary all the time．

A．work on              B．try on           C．keep on             D．depend on