【题目】
The United States is one of the few countries in the world that has an official day on which fathers are honoured by their children. On the third Sunday in June, fathers all across the United States are given presents, treated to dinner or otherwise made to feel special.
However,the idea for creating a day for children to honour their fathers began in Spokane,Washington.A woman by the name of Sonora Smart Dodd thought of the idea for Father’s Day while listening to a Mother’s Day sermon in 1909.Having been raised by her father,Henry Jackson Smart,after her mother died,Sonora wanted her father to know how special he was to her.
It was her father that made all the parental sacrifices and was,in the eyes of his daughter,a selfless and loving man.Sonora’s father was born in June,so she chose to hold the first Father’s Day celebration in Spokane,Washington on the 19th of June,1910.
In 1924, President Calvin Coolidge declared the third Sunday in June as Father’s Day.Roses are the Father’s Day flowers:red to be worn for a living father and white if the father has died. When children can’t visit their fathers or take them out to dinner,they send a greeting card.Traditionally,fathers prefer greeting cards that are not too sentimental.Most greeting cards are too special so fathers laugh when they open them.Some give heartfelt thanks for being there whenever the child needs Dad.
【1】The United States is special
A.many people celebrate the day
B.only America celebrates the day
C.America makes it an official day
D.all men are honoured in America
【2】At first,Father’s Day was fixed on June 19th because _______.
A.Sonora honoured her father on her father’s birthday
B.Sonora’s birthday was June 19th
C.it was decided by the President at that time
D.her mother died on June 19th
【3】How many years has passed before Father’s Day became an official day since the Father’s Day was celebrated?
A.4.
B.10.
C.14.
D. 24.
【4】According to the passage,on Father’s Day,_______.
A.people will wear the same flowers to honour their fathers
B.only daughters wear red flowers to honour their fathers
C.children must go home to honour their fathers
D.fathers are often honoured in different ways
【5】According to the passage,we can infer that Henry Jackson Smart _______.
A.was very kind to anyone
B.did a lot for his daughter
C.was the first father honoured in 1924
D.always helped others by giving money
【答案】【1】C
【2】A
【3】C
【4】D
【5】B
【解析】【1】细节理解题。从文章的第一段第一句The United States is one of the few countries in the world that has an official day on which fathers are honoured by their children. 可知。
【2】细节理解题。从文章的第三段第二句可知,为了表达对父亲的爱,Sonora选择父亲的生日这一天为第一个父亲节的日期。
【3】推理判断题。第三段告诉我们,Sonora在1910年第一次庆祝父亲节;第四段告诉我们,1924年Calvin Coolidge总统宣布父亲节为法定节日,历时14年。
【4】细节理解题。从文章的最后两段可知,父亲节的庆祝方式多种多样。
【5】推理判断题。根据文章的第二、三段可知,她的父亲无私、仁慈,她母亲死后,是她父亲把她养大的,因此可以推知她的父亲一定为她做了很多。
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简述网上旅游兴起的原因及发展网上旅游可采取的措施。
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【题目】近来时见“又一波雾霾汹涌来袭”“京津冀持续受雾霾困扰”,以及“中央气象台继续发布霾黄色预警”和“部分地区有重度霾”等报道,雾霾已严重危害到了人们的身体健康。所以,新修订的《环境保护法》,已涉及关于如何治理雾霾,尤其是霾的问题。
霾和雾有所不同。“雾”是一种自然天象,古人有“薄雾浓云”“雾失楼台”之类吟咏,从诗画的角度看,雾柔美、朦胧而神秘。霾就不同了。虽说也是自古就有的一种天象,却全然无此美感,而且随着人为因素越来越频繁地介入,如今已成了一种污染。现代辞书因此释义为“空气中因悬浮着大量的烟、尘等微粒而形成的浑浊现象”。按当下民间流行的通俗说法,就是PM2.5(细颗粒物)严重超标。
霾习惯上也叫阴霾、灰霾或烟霾,这是霾给人的一种很形象的视觉感受:阴沉沉的,灰蒙蒙的,满天烟尘。近来竟与“雾”组合成“雾霾”而频频见诸报端。词典中不见“雾霾”这个词,只有“霾雾”(如《后汉书·郎传》“霾雾蔽日”)和“风霾”(如《魏书·崔光传》“昨风霾暴兴”),此外还有“尘霾”“沙霾”“黄霾”等。虽然词典中不见“雾霾”一词的身影,但它却在2013年“荣升”为年度热词。
从形式上看,热词“雾霾”是旧词“霾雾”的倒序,但词义的重心却因此起了变化。“霾雾”原是“夹杂有尘霾的雾”,中心词是“雾”;“雾霾”则是“像迷雾一样的霾”,中心词就成了“霾”。
“霾”并非新字,早在甲骨文中就已屡见,卜辞有“癸卯卜,王占曰,其霾甲辰”和“贞兹雨不霾”之类的记载,可见霾很早就对人们的生活有影响了。前人对霾的认识,从《尔雅》到《康熙字典》乃至20世纪初编成的《中华大字典》,释义几乎是一以贯之的,其中汉刘熙《释名·释天》的释义相对比较全面:“风而雨土曰霾。霾,晦也,言如物尘晦之色也。”“雨”在这里读为yù,作动词“降下”讲,意谓大风扬起的尘土从天而下就是霾。因为空中满是尘土,所以刘熙说霾的天象是“晦”,天色像物体被蒙上了尘土一样昏暗。《晋书·天文志》说:“凡天地四方昏濛若下尘,十日五日已上,或一月,或一时,雨不沾衣而有土,名曰霾。”可见,满天尘土的“霾”,与雾不同,可以持续多日,甚至长达一个月。《元史》也有至元六年(1340年)腊月“风霾蔽都城数日”的记载。
“霾”字从结构上说,是“从雨貍声”。义符是“雨”,说明是一种天象无疑。只是为何要叫“霾”?表声的“貍”是否也有什么特殊含义?
《字汇补·雨部》说:“霾,与埋通,瘞(yì,掩埋)也。”“霾”之尘土蔽物,有似掩埋,所以古籍多有借作“埋”的,如《楚辞·国殇》中“霾两轮兮絷四马”之“霾”。“霾”与“埋”是可以互相通用的。“貍”现在的读音是lí,是“狸”的异体字,指一种野猫。原来的读音为mái。原来,表示掩埋义的汉字,最初并非“埋”,而是“貍”。据说,“貍”之有“埋”义,是因为野猫善于藏伏的缘故。后来,又另造“埋”字,于是“貍于草中”就变为“埋于土中”,“埋”也由此替代了“貍”,而成为表掩埋义的规范字。
就“霾”字而言,之所以借“貍”表声,恐怕也是因为“貍”原有的掩埋义,与“雨尘”义相近的缘故吧。
(选自《咬文嚼字》,略有删节)
【1】下列关于原文内容的表述,不正确的一项是( )
A.霾是一种天象,它不仅毫无美感,而且由于人为因素的介入,一直被认为是一种污染。
B.新修订的《环境保护法》已涉及关于如何治理雾霾的问题,由此可见,雾霾已严重危害到了人们的身体健康。
C.霾习惯上也叫阴霾、灰霾或烟霾,霾的这些称号与霾给人的视觉感受有很大关系。
D.“雾霾”是个新词,在以前的词典中见不到它。但“雾霾”近来频繁见诸报端,并在2013年成为年度热词。
【2】下列理解和分析,不符合原文意思的一项是( )
A.雾与霾虽然同是自然天象,但有所不同,其主要区别就在于雾柔美朦胧神秘而霾没有雾的这种美感。
B.热词“雾霾”与旧词“霾雾”,虽然只有次序的颠倒,但词义重心却因此起了较大的变化。
C.“霾雾”是“夹杂有尘的雾”,中心词是“雾”,“雾霾”则是“像迷雾一样的霾”,中心词成了“霾”。
D.“霾”在甲骨文中就已屡见,卜辞有“癸卯卜,王占曰,其霾甲辰”的记载。这说明“霾”在商代就影响到人们的生活了。
【3】根据原文内容,下列理解和分析不正确的一项是( )
A.《尔雅》《康熙字典》乃至20世纪初编成的《中华大字典》,它们对“霾”的释义几乎是一样的。
B.《晋书·天文志》说:“凡天地四方昏濛若下尘,十日五日已上……雨不沾衣而有土,名曰霾。”这句话意思是说,“霾”尽管持续时间长短不同,但尘土中夹杂着未能湿透衣服的小雨。
C.“霾”是个形声字,义符为“雨”,说明是一种天象,声符为“貍”,说明“霾”的读音。
D.“霾”借“貍”表声,除了取其声音外,也可能是因为“貍”有掩埋义,与“雨尘”义相近的缘故。
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删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
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