Question

10．Now scientists have discovered the first evidence that the animals actually behave like their masters．Just like children，they adopt a"look and learn"approach which means they can mimic （模仿） human's actions when going about their tasks．
    Biologists and psychologists at the universities of Vienna and Oxford designed an experiment to test the theory that dogs do have the ability to copy what they see，using a simple wooden box．In the study，ten owners showed their dogs how to open the wooden box，sometimes using their heads to push a handle and sometimes using their hands．
    In the first part of the test，five dogs were rewarded with a piece of sausage for copying their owners'actions．The other five were rewarded with food for not copying，and using other methods．With each dog the experiment was repeated hundreds of times，and the time taken for a dog to get it"right"on 85 percent of attempts （17 goes out of 20）was recorded．The dogs encouraged to mirror their owners reached this point almost three times sooner on average than those rewarded for not copying them．In the second part of the test，all the dogs were only rewarded for copying the method their owners used．The five dogs previously rewarded for copying their owners reached the 85 percent mark more than twice as the other five．
    In a paper published in Proceeding of the Royal Society，they concluded，"Like humans，dogs can't help imitating actions they see．"Going further，they said，"The results suggest the imitative （模仿的） behavior of dogs is shaped more by their developmental interactions with humans than by their evolutionary （进化的） history of domestication （驯化）．"
    Caroline Kisko，from the Kennel club，said，"A dog's behavior is influenced much like that of a child learning right from wrong and adopting similar patterns of behavior．We hope that owners understand the importance of their actions and use this knowledge to set good examples and therefore positively influence the behavior of their pets．"
38．What's the best title of the passage？C
A．Dogs Are Intelligent Animals         
B．Dogs Are like Children Most
C．Dogs Behave like Their Masters         
D．Dogs Can Complete Simple Tasks
39．The underlined part"they"in Paragraph 4 most probably refers toD．
A．the dogs'masters                    
B．the magazine's publishers
C．all the people involved in the experiment
D．the biologists and psychologists
40．The researchers believe dogs'imitative behavior comes mainly fromD．
A．domestication            
B．human rewards     
C．evolution             
D．human-dog interactions
41．What can be inferred from the last paragraph？B
A．Masters should influence their dogs as early as possible．
B．A man's bad behavior may influence his dog．
C．Dogs can't be influenced by men easily．
D．Dogs always behave positively．

Answer 1

分析 本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了一个实验告诉我们，人喂养的狗会模仿其主人的言行举止．

解答 38．C．主旨大意题．文章通过介绍一个实验告诉我们，人喂养的狗会模仿其主人的言行举止．因此狗的行为像主人最适合作文章标题；故选C．
39．D．代词指代题．从文章内容In a paper published in Proceeding of the Royal Society，they concluded看，这个代词指代前面提到的该研究的设计者，即维也纳和牛津大学的生物学家和心理学家，故选D．
40．D．细节理解题．根据第四段的内容The results suggest the imitative （模仿的） behavior of dogs is shaped more by their developmental interactions with humans than by their evolutionary （进化的） history of domestication 可知，狗的模仿行为受到狗与人的相互作用的影响，而不是由其驯化的程度决定的，故选D．
41．B．推理判断题．根据最后一段的内容A dog's behavior is influenced much like that of a child learning right from wrong and adopting similar patterns of behavior可知，狗的模仿行为和孩子学习分辨是非的行为相似，因此狗的主人应该意识到自己行为的重要性，并利用这一知识来树立好的榜样，从正面引导自己的宠物做出良好的表现．由此可推断人的坏行为同样会影响到狗并使其学坏；故选B．

点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．