4.Three-dimensional printers are fast becoming everyday devices in the United States.Three-D printers are used to make everything from automobile parts to bone replacements for human patients.American research scientists are now working on creating replacements for living tissue.
Researchers at the Medical University of South Carolina have been working on creating and manufacturing living tissue since 2003.This process is called biofabrication (生物制造).It requires special printing equipment and a special kind of ink.
Traditional printers require ink to produce an image or design on a piece of paper.For their three-D printer,the South Carolina researchers prepare complex nutritious solutions they call bio-inks.Bio-inks are made of proteins and glucose (葡萄糖),which ormally provides energy for most cells of the body.The researchers also add living cells taken from the animal that will receive the new,printed tissue.The bio-inks are then added to a device that researchers call the Palmetto bio-printer.
Sarah Grace Dennis is one of the researchers at the Medical University of South Carolina.She says new technology,like the Palmetto bio-printer,is a great help to the biofabrication process.
The bio-inks are placed in three dispensers (分配器),containers,inside the printer.Lasers control both the position of the printing surface and the places where the bio-ink is released.
Michael Yost is a leader of the research team.He says the printing process is fully automated-machine-operated.He says that the Palmetto bio-printer makes it possible to create complex tissue types.
The researchers say bio-printing is still experimental.But they hope in a few years they may be able to print tissue to replace damaged human organs.
But there are still some problems which need to be solved.Some scientists worry about how to get blood to the replacement tissue.The flow of blood is important to keep the printed tissue alive.
Michael Yost hopes that more people will believe in the benefits of biofabrication.
"Tissue biofabrication is a reality,and it is a reality now,and if you come here and you get to see it.You will get to see it.You can't touch it,but you will see it and think this is real.And this is really human."
9.What can we know about the bio-inks?A
A.They are the necessities of bio-printing.
B.They only contain protens and glucose.
C.They can be placed in the traditional printers.
D.They are available in our local drugstores.
10.Which of the following is one of the concerns with biofabrication?C
A.Researchers can't find enough living cells of animals to make the bio-inks.
B.The price of the bio-printer is too high and most people can't afford it.
C.Scientists have some difficulty in getting the blood to the replacement tissue.
D.People are worried about the safety of the biofabrication process.
11.According to Michael Yost,we can infer thatD.
A.the Palmetto bio-printer can work without power
B.the Palmetto bio-printer has been used to treat the patients
C.the Palmetto bio-printer can only be found in the United States
D.the Palmetto bio-printer will have a bright future in medical use
12.The passage mainly tells us aboutB.
A.the three-D printer and its working principles
B.the bio-inks and their use in bio-printing
C.the spread use of the bio-printer in the USA
D.the growing demand for biofabrication.
分析 本文是一篇科技说明文,介绍了美国一些科研人员致力于打印活体组织替代品,其中还讲了生物墨水被运用到了生物打印机中以及一些科研人员对于生物构造打印机的看法,同时还指出了这其中尚存在的一些疑虑.
解答 9.A.细节理解题.根据第三段The bio-inks are then added to a device that researchers call the Palmettobio-printer.这种生物墨水被加到研究人员称之为棕榈生物打印机的设备中,因此可知生物墨水是生物打印机的必需品.B选项过于绝对,生物墨水不仅仅是有蛋白质和葡萄糖组成的,他们只提供了身体大部分细胞的能量,说明还有小部分不是它们提供的,C、D在原文均没有相关依据,故选A.
10.C.细节理解题.根据倒数第三段But there are still some problems which need to be solved.Some scientists worry about how to get blood to the replacement tissue.但是现在人们对生物构造尚有疑虑,一些科学家担心如何让血液进入替代组织中,故选C.
11.D.推断理解题.根据文中Michael Yost说的the printing process is fully automated-machine-operated.He says that the Palmetto bio-printer makes it possible to create complex tissue types.这一打印过程是机器全自动操作,棕榈生物打印机使得制造复杂的组织类型成为可能,以及下文Michael Yost hopes that more people will believe in the benefits of biofabrication.他希望更多人认可生物构造的好处,因次我们可推断棕榈生物打印机在药物使用上有一个很光明的未来,故选D.
12.B.主旨推断题.由全文内容可知,文章主要讲述了生物墨水以及它在生物打印机中的应用.故选B.
点评 科教类阅读难度比一般阅读较大,它存在的生词比较多,因此考生应当综合略读、跳读和查读,猜词等阅读技巧来做题,平时也应加强练习.