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    Teaching a child to read at a young age gives him a valuable start in life. Reading is the basic part of education and a child’s reading ability will influence his school success greatly. Learning difficulties, many of which begin from poor reading skills, can damage a school child’s confidence and affect his future achievement. Young children are programmed to learn and they can learn better with encouragement. Ten to twenty minutes of reading a day still leaves plenty of time for play.
    Many parents are concerned that learning to read is too challenging a task for a pre-school child, but they should also remember that most children learn to speak by the time they are 3. Learning a language is probably the single most challenging task any individual can undertake, yet children do it without formal instruction, achieving the fluency much better than adult language students.
    There is a window of opportunity in terms of IQ development, which is most open during a child’s early years. A scientific study, carried out by Dr. Peter Huttenlocher at the University of Chicago, showed that the number of connectors, called synapses（神经元突触）, between the nerve endings in a newborn baby’s brain is similar to the number in the average adult brain. These synapses increase rapidly during early childhood. By 12-24 months a child’s brain has about 50% more synapses than the average adult brain. After that the synapses which are not in use begin to atrophy（衰退）. For most people, from age 16, the number remains steady. It begins to drop again as we move into our golden years. Doing intellectual activities at a young age, such as learning to read, can stimulate（刺激）and preserve these connectors in the brain resulting in a long-term beneficial（有益的）effect on IQ development.
    Another notable study is probably the Milwaukee project. This study took a group of babies, all of whose mothers had low IQs, and gave them special training for seven hours a day, five days a week, until they started first grade. By the age of 6 these children had an average IQ 30 points higher than their contemporaries. The overwhelming conclusion is that the early intellectual stimulation can have a positive, long-term effect on a child’s brain development.
    From birth you should talk to and explain things to your baby. Reading to him can be a wonderful way of spending quality time with your child. The enjoyment of books and being familiar with the idea of print will pave the way for（为……铺平道路）learning to read later.
    If your child is a fast learner you can help him realize his potential by introducing him to the joy of the printed word at an early age. This will lay the foundations（基础）for both a high achieving school career and a lifelong love of reading. If your child shows early signs of reading difficulties, your efforts may help him get rid of such problems before he goes to school.
    It can be difficult to teach your own child because emotional（引起情绪激动的）issues arise easily. Online programs for learning to read English are excellent options. They allow children to repeat new materials as many times as they need to, without wearing out the parents’ patience.
    小题1:What does the passage mainly discuss?
    A．Children should be taught to read at an early age.
    B．Children can read better than most adult students.
    C．Children have more synapses than most adults.
    D．Children are supposed to learn to read on the Internet.
    小题2:Why does the author mention the study by Dr. Peter Hutten locher?
    A．To remove parents’ worry.
    B．To explain IQ development.
    C．To explain how a baby’s brain works.
    D．To show the parents’ wrong ideas.
    小题3:How can children benefit from learning to read at a young age?
    A．It can build up great confidence in their mind.
    B．It can help preserve the connectors in their brains.
    C．It can help produce more connectors in their brains.
    D．It can help them find both their weaknesses and strengths.
    小题4:At the end of this passage the author advises _______.
    A．parents not to get angry too often
    B．children to enjoy reading as early as possible
    C．children not to wear out their parents’ patience
    D．parents to get their children to take an online program

    小题1:A
    小题2:A
    小题3:B
    小题4:D

    试题分析：本文叙述了孩子要从小就学会阅读的好处。很多家长担心,学习阅读对学龄前儿童来说是一个太具有挑战性的任务。根据Dr. Peter Hutten locher的研究表明，孩子很早就开始阅读对孩子的智商发展是有益的。孩子从小学会了阅读对孩子终生受益。
    小题1:主旨大意题。根据第一段的Teaching a child to read at a young age gives him a valuable start in life. 教孩子在很小的时候阅读给他一个有价值的人生开始。从中可知，全文主要围绕着教孩子从小就开始阅读。
    故选A。
    小题2:推理判断题。根据第二段的Many parents are concerned that learning to read is too challenging a task for a pre-school child,许多家长担心,学习阅读对学龄前儿童来说是一个太具有挑战性的任务。但是第三段的根据Dr. Peter Hutten locher的研究表明Doing intellectual activities at a young age, such as learning to read, can stimulate（刺激）and preserve these connectors in the brain resulting in a long-term beneficial（有益的）effect on IQ development.孩子很早就开始阅读对孩子的智商发展是有益的。这样是为了消除家长认为太早阅读对孩子不利的担忧。故选A。
    小题3:细节理解题。根据第三段的Doing intellectual activities at a young age, such as learning to read, can stimulate（刺激）and preserve these connectors in the brain resulting in a long-term beneficial（有益的）effect on IQ development.可知孩子很小就开始阅读可以刺激和保存这些大脑中的连接器，这样对孩子智商的发展有长期有益的影响。故选B。
    小题4:推理判断题。根据最后一段的Online programs for learning to read English are excellent options. 网上在线学习读英语是不错的选择。从中可知作者建议家长让孩子网上在线学习英语。故选D。
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    “It’s a new ecosystem we know nothing about,” said Dr. Johnson.
    The reef of yellow and orange glass sponges is crowded with crabs, shrimp, starfish, worms, snails, and rockfish. The glass reef is also a nursery for the babies of many of these creatures and was called a “kindergarten” by scientists.
    Many animals that live in the reef hang around for a long time, just like the sponges. Rockfish, for example, live for more than 100 years. Scientists are just beginning to study all the species that call the reef home.
    The Washington coast isn’t the only place where a living glass reef has been found. The first was discovered in Hecate Strait off the coast of British Columbia in 1991. Scientists all over the world were stunned to see it.
    小题1:Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
    A．Man-made cities under the seaB．The world under the sea
    C．Glass “cities” under the seaD．Creatures under the sea
    小题2:It can be learned that the glass reef _______.
    A．is made up of a kind of materials called sponges
    B．is a work of art made by some American scientists
    C．is a new ecosystem people are not familiar with
    D．was first discovered off the coast of Washington State
    小题3:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
    A．The sponges must feel soft.
    B．Silica comes from animals’ body fluid.
    C．Methane is harmful to glass sponges.
    D．Glass sponges depend on the bacteria for a living.
    小题4:Why did scientists call the glass reef a “kindergarten”?
    A．Because the babies of many sea creatures grow well there.
    B．Because thousands of children visit it every year.
    C．Because it is crowded with snails and rockfish, etc.
    D．Because all the species call the reef home.
    小题5:What does the underlined word “stunned” in the last paragraph mean?
    A．Greatly surprised.B．Extremely scared.
    C．Highly satisfied.D．Very pleased.

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