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3.(★★★★)Early________the morning of May 1,we started off________the mountain village.

   A.in; for B.in; to C.on; / D.on; for

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2.(★★★★)The policeman helped the old woman________the street.

   A.through B.past C.across D.over

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1.(★★★★)As soon as he entered the room, he took________his cap and sat down.

   A.off B.out C.away D.down

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2.The home improvements have taken what little there is ________my spare time.

   A.from B.in C.of D.at

   (NMET2001)

   命题意图:考查介词of的用法,属于五星级题目。

   知识依托:little of my spare time.意思是“仅有的业余时间”。

   错解分析:B项迷惑性较大,受 in one’s spare time短语影响。

   解题方法与技巧:of在此表示“……中的部分/全部”,与名词little连用。该句为一个含有感叹式宾语从句的主从复合句,连接代词what修饰的是在从句中作主语的名词,little提到从句之首,little前无冠词表示否定,意为“少到几乎没有”,如:

   I understand little of his speech.他的讲话我几乎没有听懂。

   答案:C

   ●锦囊妙计

   介词比较复杂,注意以下表示原因的介词。

   ①because of表示引起结果的直接原因,意义与连词because相同。例如:

   He retired last month because of illness/because he was ill.上个月他因病退休了。

   ②for表示内在的、心理上的原因,常与表示喜、怒、哀、乐等情感名词连用;还可表示某种动作或结果的起因。而连词for则表示某种结果的补充理由或显而易见的原因。

   例如:He trembled for fear.他怕发抖。

   Thank you for your help.谢谢你的帮助。

   When he was still a young man,he was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons.他还是青年时就因为政治原因离开了他的祖国。

   ③by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。例如:

   Her body was bent by age.岁月使得他的腰也弯了。

   The general died by his own hand.将军自杀了。

   She took your umbrella by mistake.她错拿了你的雨伞。

   ④at表示某种情绪或动作的起因,多与“喜,怒,哀,乐”等义的词连用,常译作“听到……”,“看到……”。例如:

   The whole nation was in deep sorrow at the news.听到这个消息,全国人民极为悲痛。

   He jumped at the news.听到这个消息,他蹦了起来。

   ⑤on表示能作为依据或条件的原因,常译为“依照……”。例如:

   He has given up smoking on medical advice.他遵照医生的劝告已经把烟戒了。

   ⑥of和from表原因时常与die或类似意义的词连用。die of指因疾病、饥饿、寒冷,或害怕、羞愧等内因或外因造成的死亡结果;die from表示因伤、事故等外因或不明原因造成的死亡。与疾病名词连用时,二者均可。from还可表示懒惰等造成某种后果的原因。例如:

   His son having been killed in the war,the man died of a broken heart.儿子死于战争后,老人也因伤心过度而亡。

   In big cities during cold winter months,many old people die from the polluted air.寒冷的冬天,大城市里的许多老人死于污染的空气。

   She died of /from cancer. 她死于癌症。

   He wasn’t ill;he stayed in bed from laziness.他没病,他躺在床上只是偷懒。

   ⑦with指生理上或情感上的外界到内心的原因,意为“随着……。”例如:Gessler turned red with anger.盖斯勒气得脸都红了。

   ⑧owing to,相当于because of,多表示引起某种不良后果的原因。例如:

   Owing to the rain they could not come.都是因为那场雨他们才没能来。

   Owing to his lacking of experience,John failed this time.因为经验不足,这次约翰又失败了。

   注:owing to也可表示“欠……钱”之意。How much is he owing to you?他欠你多少钱?

   ⑨thanks to表示引起某种幸运结果的原因,常译为“幸亏……,多亏……”。例如:

   Thanks to the timely rain,the farmer had a good harvest.多亏那场及时雨,农民才有了个好收成。

   ⑩out of表示动机的起因,常译为“出于……”。例如:

   He asked the question out of curiosity.出于好奇,他提了这个问题。

   He did it out of pity.他做那事是出于同情。

   ●歼灭难点训练

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1.________production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.

   A.As B.For C.With D.Through

   (NMET2000)

   命题意图:本题根据句意和结构考查介词用法,属于五星级题目。

   知识依托:“with+复合宾语”结构。

   错解分析:四个选项均为介词,有一定迷惑性。

   解题方法与技巧:句中“with+名词(宾语)+副词(宾补)”结构作状语表示原因。例如:Tian An Men looks grander than ever with all lights on.在华灯掩映下,天安门显得更加雄伟壮观。

   答案:C

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8.(★★★★★)The train leaves at 6:00 p m. So I have to be at the station________5:40pm. at the latest.

   A.until B.after C.by D.around

   (NMET1997)

   ●案例探究

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7.(★★★★★)-What do you want to do ________those old boxes?

   -To put things in when I move to the new flat. (北京2002)

   A.by B.for C.of D.with

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6.(★★★★★)Did you have trouble________the post office?

   A.to have found B.with finding

   C.to find D.in finding (NMET1992)

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5.(★★★★★)-How long has this bookshop been in business?

   -________1982.

   A.After B.In C.From D.Since

   (NMET1994)

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4.(★★★★)We offered him our congratulations________his passing the college entrance exams.

   A.at B.on C.for D.of

   (NMET1993)

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