3. The cakes are delicious. He’d like tohave _____ third one because _____ second one is rather too small. (2002上海春)
A. a; a B.the; the C.a; the D.the; a
2. Mr. Brown bought _____ new telephoneyesterday so he told me the new by _____ telephone.
A. a; the B.the; / C.the; the D.a; /
1. I don’t like talking on _____ telephone;I prefer writing _____ letters. (2002北京)
A. a; the B.the; / C.the; the D.a; /
365. On hearing the news of the accident inthe coal mine, she _____ pale.
A.got B.changed C.went D.appeared
第三章语 法
高考英语单项填空设题的方法与角度的依据是“三维模式”,即从结构、语义和语用三个方面来出题,切入的角度有7个,即:交际、情态、反述、省略与替代、特定句式、概念外延和思维定式。
1) 结构方面
NMET单项填空题的句子结构一般是完整的,即有主语和谓语。主语相当于句子的主题,指明句子讲的是什么,一般是对方已知的信息;谓语是对有关问题加以说明的部份,一般是向对方提供新的信息。考查的重点,也是在谓语部分。命题人有时故意将谓语部分的结构加以改变,“神似貌非”,迷惑考生。根据思维定势的负迁移作用,命题人往往设置干扰性很强的干扰项。这就要求考生不仅具备牢固的基础知识,更要具备灵活的临场分析应变能力。例如:
① -Do you knowour town at all?
-No, thisis the first time I _____ here.
A. was B.have been C.am D.m corning
分析:B最佳。该句运用了这样一个句型“It/This+is+the+序数词+time+that……”。在这个句型中that从句常用现在完成时态。切入角度:结构+交际+特定句式
② The film brought the hours back to me_____ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.
A. until B.that C.when D.where
分析:C最佳。本题题干长,信息量大,句子成分多,结构复杂,选项之间相互干扰强,难度大。在空白处前,既有时间名词the hours,又有人称代词me 或副词词组back to me。这很难一下子判断出先行词究竟是“the hours”还是“me”。上句可以写成Thefilm brought the hours(--I was taken good care of in that farawayvillage)back to me.根据先行词为thehours, C项应为最佳答案。设题角度:结构+替代+特定句式
2) 语义方面
每个单项填空题的考查实际上都是对语义的考查。语境、结构只是语言运用的外在形式,都是为了恰当地表达出一定的语义服务的。认真地审题,准确地把握语义,对于解答好单项填空题,提高解题能力,起着十分重要的作用。虽然近几年来NMET试题的题干越来越长,结构越来越复杂,暗示信息也难以把握,同学们解答起来有一定的难度,但是命题人所设置的题干均是表达规范得体,语义符合逻辑的语言载体。同学们解题时要认真推敲,切勿“望文生义”。
例如:
①I read about it in some book or other, doesit matter _____ it was?
A. where B.what C.how D.which
分析:D最佳。题干已经明确交待了“某一本书或另一本书”,只是还没有确定究竟是哪一本而已。而且,“or”也给考生起了提示作用,表示选择。故选择D项 , 设题角度:语义+替代。
② - Haveyou seen _____ pen? I left it herethis morning.
- Isit _____ black one? I think I sawit somewhere.
A. a; the B.the; the C.the; a D.a; a
分析:D最佳。本题虽说是考查冠词的用法,但也是语义+思维定式考查的具体体现。因为通常我们在冠词教学中最初都说:泛指某人或某物时用不定冠词;而表示特定的或上文已提到过的人或物用定冠词。然而此处从题干暗示可以看出,问句与答语中的pen均非特指,故前后均用不定冠词。语义+交际+思维定式
3) 语用方面
NMET单项选择试题越来越重视语用能力的考查,即:语言实用能力。具体而言;基础语法知识,词汇、习语及交际用语等都以置一语境的形式来考查,使语言更具灵活、生动和得体。题干的条件信息愈隐蔽,各选项结构十分相似而、且具有较强的干扰性,这样更能体现试题能力立意的要求。例如:
① --- Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?
--- I ’m afraid _____ day is possible. (NMET 99)
A. either B.some C.neither D.any
分析:C为最佳。本题设置实际语境,问者期望Monday or Tuesday 选择一天,而答者有afraid之义,不能如问者的期望。依据语言的得体性,答案只能选C。设题角度:语用+概念外延+交际。
② - I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
- Oh,did you? You _____ with Barbara.
A. could have stayed B. could stay C.would stay D.must have stayed
分析:A最佳。本题属于情态动词交际情景中的运用。题干涉过去(在纽约)所发生的事;同时从“did you ”语气可以看出“你本来是能够(could have stayed)和芭芭拉住在一起的,而不是“你一定(must have stayed)和芭芭拉住在一起”,故选A,语用+情态+反述。
第一节. 高考语法一题多变训练题(选择最佳答案)
364. They’ve _____ us $150,000 for thehouse. Shall we take it?
A.provided B.supplied C.shown D.offered
363. He accidently _____ he had quarreled withhis wife and that he hadn’t been home for a couple of weeks.
A.let out B.took care C.made sure D.made out
362. --- _____ for the glass!
---It’s OK. I’m wearing shoes.
A.Look out B.Walk out C.Go out D.Set out
361. A man is being questioned in relationto the _____ murder last night.
A.advised B.attended C.attempted D.admitted
360. It’s ten years since the scientist_____ on his life’s work of discoverig the valuable chemical.
A.made for B.set out C.took off D.turned up
359. If you are feeling so tired, perhaps alittle sleep would _____.
A.act B.help C.serve D.last
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