4. influence n. [C][U] 影响(力),感化(力) [U] 势
力,权力 vt. 对……有影响;感化
A teacher has great influence over his pupil.
教师对学生有很大的影响力。
Heredity and environment are influences on character.
遗传和环境是影响性格的因素。
3. form vt. & vi. 组成;形成 n. [C][U]形式;表
格;种类
[词组] in the form of 以……的形式
fiIl in / out forms 填写表格
take the form of 采取……的形式
in good form 竞技状态良好
form the habit of 形成……的习惯
Form good habits while you are young.
趁年轻时,养成好习惯。
6. employ vt. 雇用,使用
The farmer employed more workers at harvest time.
这个农场主在收获季节雇用更多工人。
It's important to employ words in writing poem.
写诗用词很重要。
也可以解释为“忙于,从事”。
They were employed in writing when I came.
我来的时候他们正忙于写东西。
注:要弄清 employ 几个名词的用法:employee (雇工,
雇员),employer (户主,东家),employment (就业,雇
用)。
[考点4]energy 的用法
▲ 构词:
① energetic adj. 精力充沛的,需要精力去做的
② energetically adv. 精力充沛地
▲ 搭配:
① save one's energy for 为……而保存精力
② be full of energies 精力充沛,精力旺盛
③ devote one's energy to (doing) sth 致力于
④ concentrate one's energy on 集中精力在……上
▲友情提示:泛指一般意义的“精力”,不可数;具体指
某人做事的“精力”,用复数。
[考例4][NMET 1996]Many countries are increasing
their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of ____.
A. energy B. source
C. power D. material
[考查目标] 本题考查 energy 及其近义词的区别。
[答案与解析]A natural gas和wind属于energy范
畴。
[考点7]fact 的用法
▲句型:英语中的“事实上。实际上,其实”可表达为:
① as a matter of fact
② in (actual) fact
③ in point of fact
④ The fact (of the matter) is (that)...
⑤ It's a fact that...
在提供某种信息来强调已经说过的某物/某事时,或在
不同意某人说过的某物/某事时,使用以上表达。
[考例7](2004浙江) The winter of 1990 was extremely
bad, ____ most people say it was the worst winter
of their lives.
A. At last B. In fact
C. In a word D. As a result
[考查目标] 考查短语在实际语境中的用法。
[答案与解析]B at last 表示“最后”;in fact 表示“事
实上”;in a word 表示“总而言之”;as a result表示“结
果是”。结合上下文意思应该是“1990年冬天特别糟
糕。事实情况是,大多数人都说是他们一生中最糟糕
的一个冬天”。
[考点2]form 的用法
▲ 构词:
① formation n. 形成;组成
② formal adj. 形式上的;正式的
③ informal adj. 非正式的
▲ 搭配:
① form in line 站好队;排成纵队
② in the form of 以……形式
③ fill in / out the form 填表格
④ be in / out of form 处于良好(不好)的竞技状态
⑤ in form 形式上
[考例2](2004全国卷III) Reading is an experience
quite different from watching TV; There are pictures
____ in your mind instead of before your eyes.
A. to form B. form
C. forming D. having formed
[考查目标] 考查非谓语动词的实际运用。
[答案与解析]C There be 句型后面经常接动词-ing
形式表示该名词 pictures 与 in your mind 的关系是主
动的.而该动作表示主动进行。
8. cheat vt. vi. 欺骗,作弊 n. 骗子
常用结构:cheat sth. (out) of sb. 骗某人东西
The beggar cheated money of the old lady at the
railway station.
乞丐在车站骗了那位老太太的钱。
It's wrong to cheat in exams.
考试作弊是不对的。
注:作名词时通常用 cheat,也可以用 cheater。
He is nothing but a cheat.
他只不过是个骗子。
[考点3]employ 的用法
▲ 构词:
① employer n. 雇主;老板
② employee n. 雇员;雇丁
③ employment n. 雇用;就业;工作;职业
④ unemployment n. 失业;失业状态
▲ 搭配:be employed in 从事,忙于
▲ 句型:
① employ sb (主动) → sb be employed (被动)
② employ sb as + 职业/in 或 at + 地点(主动)
→ sb be employed as + 职业 / in 或 at + 地点 (被动,
更常见) 在某单位任某职;受雇于某单位当/任……
③ employ sb to do sth (主动) → sb be employed to do
sth (被动)
④ be employed in doing sth / on sth... 忙于干某事.从
事于某事,时间花在……
⑤ employ oneself in doing sth / on sth 忙于干某事,从
事于……,时间花在……
⑥ employ one's spare / free / much time in doing sth.
花业余/更多时间千某事
▲辨析:employ; engage; hire; let; rent; take on
该组词均意为“雇用”,但employ较正式,官方文件一
般用employ。受雇人员较广,甚至包括社会地位较高
的职业人员,有“聘请”之义,强调工作,不像hire那样
侧重于报酬。engage作“雇用某人”解,常指临时或短
期的雇用,侧重于雇用专业人员,侧重于动作。hire和
rent都有“花钱使用某物”和“把某物使用权出让给别人
以收取费用”之意,rent在英国英语中多指用于长时间
的场合。如:rent a house,a flat,a TV等;hire多指临
时租用某物。如:hire a boat,a car,a camera,a bicy-
cle,an evening dress,a hall for a meeting等,指人时,
有“雇用”、“受雇”两种含义。而在美国英语中,rent既
可用于长时间的出租,也可用于短时间的出租,多指客
户向主人租用房子、土地或其他物品,也可指出租。
hire在美国英语中可用来指“雇用(give a job to)”。Iet
作“租用”时,一般指出租人向外出租房子、房间等。另
外rent还可作名词,意为“租金;租费”。take on较口语
化,表示“雇用某人”。例如:
The firm employs the retired professor as an adviser. 这
家公司聘这位退休的教授担任顾问。
The foreign teachers were engaged from Canada. 这些
外籍教师是从加拿大招聘来的。
Our school hired the local theatre for its annual con-
cert. 我们学校租用了当地的影剧院举行了一年一度的
音乐会。
Have you any rooms to let? 你有房间出租吗?
She lets the cottage to holiday-makers in the summer.
她把房子租给夏天来度假的人。
Our house has been rented by a newly-married couple.
我们的房子被一对新婚夫妇租去了。
Boats are let / rent out in the park for 20 yuan per
hour. 公园里出租小船,每小时的租金是20元。
We have decided to take on a new clerk in the accounts
department. 我们已经决定在会计部雇用一名新职员。
▲ 友情提示:英语中“雇用”的其他表达法:take on;
hire;have sb doing sth;rent (租用);use (借用);“解
雇;开除”的表达法:fire;dismiss;turn / send away;
lay off。
[考例3](2003北京春招)
-- How long ____ at this job?
-- Since 1990.
A. were you employed
B. have you been employed
C. had you been employed
D. will you be employed
[考查目标] 考查上下文中时态的运用。
[答案与解析]B 从问句中的how long和回答中的
Since 1990都可以知道应该选现在完成时态表示对现
在的影响。
2. [C] 协定,协议
disagreement n. 意见不同
▲搭配:
① agree on sth (双方)商定某事;决定某事;在某方面达
成共识
② agree to sth (plan, suggestion, idea, arrangement)
同意…
③ sign / break an / the / one's agreement 签署/撕毁协
议
④ reach / arrive at / come to an agreement (with sb)
(与某人)达成协议
▲ 句型:
① (quite) agree with sb (on / about sth) agree with
(one's opinion / view / what clause) (在某方面)赞
成某人的意见;同意某人(的观点或看法);与某人的
意见相同 (on后接讨论的具体内容;about后接讨论
的主题)
② sth agree with sb 适合(某人);适应(某人)
③ sth agree with sth... 与……一致/相符
④ agree to do sth 同意做某事
⑤ agree that clause 认为;认同
⑥ agree to one's doing sth = agree to let sb do sth 同意
某人做某事
⑦ sth be agreed 大家都同意
⑧ It's generally agreed that... 人们普遍认为……
⑨ (be)in agreement with sb (about sth) / what sb said
(在某方面)与某人意见一致
⑩ (be) in agreement with sb. (on this / that point) (在
这/那一点上)同意某人
▲ 友情提示:英语中绝不能使用agree sb to do sth 句
式。
[考例6](1999上海) The manager has ____ to im-
prove the working conditions in the company.
A. accepted B. allowed
C. permitted D. agreed
[考查目标] 考查动词的搭配与用法。
[答案与解析]D allow和permtt相同,经常接doing
或sb. to do;accept一般接名词或代词作宾语;而agree
后面可以接动词不定式作宾语。
1. [U] 同意,一致
2. advantage n. 优势,优点
反义:disadvantage 劣势,缺点
[词组] take advantage of 利用
Boys have more advantages over girls in finding jobs.
男孩子找工作比女孩子更有优势。
You must take full advantage of the unloaded
information.
你应该充分利用这些下载的信息。
[考点6]agree 的用法
▲构词:
① disagree v. 不同意;不一致
② agreement n.
10. I believe that you have got it right.
[单词聚焦]
[考点1]advantage 的用法
▲ 搭配:
① have / win / get / gain the / an advantage of / over
胜过;优于
② (be) to one's advantage / disadvantage 对……有利/
不利
③ take advantage of = make one's advantage of 乘机利
用;利用别人的弱点占便宜;欺骗
[考例1][2005 南京模拟] British students only have a
language ____ for jobs in the USA and Australia.
A. chance B. ability
C. possibility D. advantage
[考查目标] 本题考查advantage的意思。
[答案与解析]D 本句的language advantage的意思
是。语言方面的优势”。
9. You are wrong thinking that...
8. I'm afraid you are wrong...
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