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1.不定代词可作主语,当作主语时,要明确这一不定代词究竟是单数还是复数,以确定它和谓语动词在人和数的一致。

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(三)it作形式主语和形式宾语

it作形式主语和形式宾语是为了使句子平衡,而把真正的主语或宾语置于句子后面。例如:      I found it interesting to study English.

  It is of great help to master a foreign language.

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3. 代替有生命但不能或不必分阴阳性的东西(包括婴儿)。例如:

  The baby cried because it was hungry.

  Someone is knocking at the door, who can it be?

(二)用作强调句,构成强调结构

句型结构:It is(was)+强调部分+that。例如:

  It was last night that they left for H.K.

  It was I that(who) his sister in the park yesterday.

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It rains continually in the south in June.     It is a half hour’s walk to the factory.

2. 指代上文中提到的无生命的东西。例如:

  Where is my notebook? It was here just now.

  There is air all around us, but we cannot see it.

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不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫不定代词。常见的不定代词有all, both, each, every, some, any, many, much, (a)few, (a)little, one, ones, either, neither, other, another, no, none以及含有some-, any-, no-等的合成代词(如:anybody, something, no one)。这些不定代词大多可以代替名词,在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。但none和由some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词(如somebody等)只能作主语、宾语和表语。而every和no只能作定语。

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3.Whose 用于明确所有者。whom 在口语中,多为 who 代替。

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2.Which 指的物有范围限制,侧重于哪一个;What  指的物无范围限制,侧重于种类。

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1.Who  用于询问别人姓名,身份或关系。What 用于询问别人职业。

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(二)指示代词的用法

(1)this、 that、 these、 those 在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。

(2)such 一般在句子中作定语或主语。such “这样的”,such a 这样一个,such as 像…这样的。

(3)same 可作定语、表语、主语和宾语。

例如:

1)  That is our English teacher. (主语)

2)  This storybook is thicker than that one. (定语)

3)  I prefer this (these) to that (those). (宾语)

4)  What he likes best is this/that.  (表语)

5)  I have never read such an exciting book. (定语)

6)  I like such sports as basketball and swimming.  (定语)

7)  Such is our trip plan.  (主语) (指上文提到过或刚说过的内容)。

8)  She wants the book and I want the same.  (宾语)

9)  We were born on the same day.  (定语)

·注意:

1)  this、 these 指空间上离说话人较近的人或物,可以与 here 连用;that、 those 指空间上离说话人较远的人或物,可以与 there 连用。

2)  打电话或其他场合,本人这一方用 this 或 these. 反之用 that 或 those。

3)  such 作定语时,如名词前有不定冠词,应把such置于不定冠词之前 。

4)  在 same 之前必须加冠词 the 。

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(一)指示代词是具有指示概念的代词

this  这;  that  那;  these  这些;  those  那些;  such  如此的;  same  同样的

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