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8. (人教A版116复习参考题B组第7题)

要制造一个无盖的盒子,形状为长方体,底宽为2m。现有制盒材料60m2,当盒子的长、高各为多少时,盒子的体积最大?

变式1:今有一台坏天平,两臂长不等,其余均精确,有人说要用它称物体的重量,只需将物体放在左右托盘各称一次,则两次称量结果的和的一半就是物体的真实重量,这种说法对吗?并说明你的结论

解:不对

设左、右臂长分别是 ,物体放在左、右托盘称得重量分别为真实重量为为G,则由杠杆平衡原理有:

       

 ①×②得G2=, ∴G=

由于,故 ,由平均值不等式 > 知说法不对

设计意图:基本不等式的应用。

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7. (人教A版115复习参考题B组第1题)

求证:

变式1:己知都是正数,且成等比数列,

求证:

证明:

  成等比数列,

都是正数,

  

设计意图:基本不等式的灵活应用。

变式2:若,求证ab不能都大于

证明:假设ab, (1-a) (1-b)都大于

设计意图:基本不等式与累乘、反证法综合应用。

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6.(人教A版115复习参考题A组第2题)

已知集合,求.

变式1:已知A={x|x3+3x2+2x>0},B={x|x2+ax+b≤0}且AB={x|0<x≤2},AB={xx>-2},求ab的值

解:A={x|-2<x<-1或x>0},

B=[x1x2],由AB=(0,2]知x2=2,

且-1≤x1≤0,                        ①

AB=(-2,+∞)知-2≤x1≤-1      ②

由①②知x1=-1,x2=2,

a=-(x1+x2)=-1,bx1x2=-2

设计意图:一元二次不等式与集合的运算综合。

变式2:解关于x的不等式

解:下面对参数m进行分类讨论:

①当m=时,原不等式为x+1>0,∴不等式的解为

②当时,原不等式可化为

,∴不等式的解为

③当时,原不等式可化为

  当时,原不等式的解集为

  当时,原不等式的解集为

  当时,原不等式无解

综上述,原不等式的解集情况为:

①当时,解为

②当时,无解;

③当时,解为

④当m=时,解为

⑤当时,解为

设计意图:含参数的一元二次不等式的解法。

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5.(人教A版113页习题3.4A组第1题)

(1)把36写成两个正数的积,当这两个正数取什么值时,它们的和最小?

(2)把18写成两个正数的和,当这两个正数取什么值时,它们的积最大?

变式1:函数y =+的值域为        

解:y=+= (+1)+-1≥2-1=1 ,所以值域为[1, +∞)

设计意图:均值不等式的灵活应用.

变式2:设x≥0, y≥0,  x2+=1,则的最大值为__

解法一: ∵x≥0, y≥0, x2+=1 

==

==

当且仅当x=,y=(即x2= )时, 取得最大值

解法二:  令(0≤)

  则=cos=

=

=,

=时,x=,y=时,取得最大值

设计意图:均值不等式的灵活应用.

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4.(人教A版105习题3.3A组第2题)

画出不等式组表示的平面区域.

变式1:点(-2,t)在直线2x-3y+6=0的上方,则t的取值范围是______

解:(-2,t)在2x-3y+6=0的上方,则2×(-2)-3t+6<0,解得t 答案:t

设计意图:熟悉判断不等式所代表的区域的方法.

变式2:求不等式|x-1|+|y-1|≤2表示的平面区域的面积

解:|x-1|+|y-1|≤2可化为

其平面区域如图

∴面积S=×4×4=8

设计意图:不同形式的可行域的作图.

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10. 如果我们不采取有效的方法,就可能控制不了这种趋势,就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果,所以,我们应该做的是……

If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable

result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is

常用句型:

开头:

When it comes to ..., some think ...

There is a public debate today that ...

A is a commen way of ..., but is it a wise one?

Recentaly the problem has been brought into focus.

提出观点:

Now there is a growing awareness that...

It is time we explore the truth of ...

Nowhere in history has the issue been more visible.

进一步提出观点:

... but that is only part of the history.

Another equally important aspect is ...

A is but one of the many effects. Another is ...

Besides, other reasons are...

提出假想例子的方式:

Suppose that...

Just imagine what would be like if...

It is reasonable to expect...

It is not surprising that...

举普通例子:

For example(instance),...

... such as A,B,C and so on (so forth)

A good case in point is...

A particular example for this is...

引用:

One of the greatest early writers said ...

"Knowledge is power", such is the remard of ...

"......". That is how sb comment ( criticize/ praise...).

"......". How often we hear such words like there.

讲故事

(先说故事主体),this story is not rare.

..., such delimma we often meet in daily life.

..., the story still has a realistic significance.

提出原因:

There are many reasons for ...

Why .... , for one thing,...

The answer to this problem involves many factors.

Any discussion about this problem would inevitably involves ...

The first reason can be obiviously seen.

Most people would agree that...

Some people may neglect that in fact ...

Others suggest that...

Part of the explanation is ...

进行对比:

The advantages for A for outweigh the disadvantages of...

Although A enjoys a distinct advantage ...

Indeed , A carries much weight than B when sth is concerned.

A maybe ... , but it suffers from the disadvantage that...

承上启下:

To understand the truth of ..., it is also important to see...

A study of ... will make this point clear

让步:

Certainly, B has its own advantages, such as...

I do not deny that A has its own merits.

结尾:

From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw

the conclusion that ...

In summary, it is wiser ...

In short...

感言:好词好句固然好,但要用得好、用得妙才能写出好文章。故以下附:

作文六戒

 一戒:移花接木,如出一辙

 升学考试的作文最忌讳抄袭,不少浑浑噩噩的学生为谋取高分,在考前把套题范围广的范文一篇篇在大脑中做备份,然而,每年能押中作文考题者却寥寥无几,而且即便押中也不一定能得到阅卷教师的好评,得不偿失。

 二戒:言不及义,离弦走板

 作文第二大忌讳的便是偏题。这里说的是用以前写过的文章押题,文章确实是自己原创,但牵强附会地套题使得文章的立意、形式过于陈旧、生硬。大多数写作水平不咋样的人很难让事先备好的文章不偏不倚套中考试文章的要求

 三戒:唇焦舌敝,呶呶不休

 动笔之前如果不耐心构思整个文章的立意、文体而直接奋笔疾书,写到一半很容易混淆自己的创作思路,在时间有限而自己又一筹莫展的情形下很可能写出紊乱、重复的语言,即便洋洋洒洒写了一大堆,依然云山雾罩没有把想要表达的立意清晰展示出。

 四戒:迷离叵测,不知所云

 一些文章,看起来字字珠玑、微言大义,实际上是在故作深奥,即便你写文章时并无愚弄阅卷教师之意,而在教师的眼中却是一堆显摆自己的空洞大道理。

 五戒:沧桑潦倒,无病呻吟

 考试作文偏好积极向上的文章,也接受抒发真情实感的文章。然而就有那么些同学,把自己心中郁积的闷气全往试卷上发,这种暮气沉沉、索然无味的文章,阅卷老师心情再好也被字里行间充斥的懊丧搅乱。

 六戒:花里胡哨,言过其实

 虽然好词佳句在文章中扮演的角色不容小觑,但它们依然是瑕瑜互见的双刃剑。如果文章中使用过多的华丽辞藻而故事情节并不咋的,那样只会让人产生华而不实甚至卖弄词汇的感觉,阅卷教师只觉得这文章的作者非常适合编写词汇手册。

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9. 综上所述,我们可以清楚地得出结论……

From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion

that……

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8. 在总体上很难说……是好还是坏,因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然而,就我个人而言,我发现……。

It is difficult to say whether ……is good or not in general as it depends

very much on the situation of…….however, from a personal point of view

find……

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7. 对我来说,我认为有必要……。原因如下:第一,……; 第二,……;最后……但同样重要的是……

In my opinion, I think it necessary to……The reasons are as follows. First

……second …… Last but not least,……

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