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2.作表语

We are excited at the news.

The news he told us is exciting.

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分词是动词非谓语形式的一种,包括现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示:主动,动作正在进行。过去分词表示:被动,动作已经完成。

(一)分词的作用

分词在句中可以作定语、表语、状语和宾语补足语。例如:

1.作定语

Do you know the boy standing at the gate?

Have you read the book  written by  Lu Xun?

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5.  完成被动式to have been done

例如:The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday.

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4.  被动式to be done

例如:The work is to be done soon.

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3.  完成式to have done

例如:He seemed to have cleaned the room.

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2.  进行式to be doing

例如:He seemed to be reading something at that time.

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1.  一般式to do

例如:I like to read English.

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4.动词不定式与疑问词连用

疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how, why等后面可以接动词不定式,构成动词不定式短语,可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。

例如:(1) He doesn’t know how to use the machine.

                       (不定式作宾语)

        (2) How to use the machine is a question.

            (不定式作主语)

        (3) The question is when to go there.

               (不定式作表语)

(二)动词不定式的时态和被动形式

动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种,由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种:

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3.动词不定式的否定形式

动词不定式的否定形式not + to + 动词原形

例如: He asked me not to make such a mistake.

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6.    作状语

He stopped to have a look.

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