42. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars_______ road conditions 　need ______.

A. that…to be improved　 　 　　　　　　　　　 B. which…to be improved

C. where…improving　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. when…improving

41. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered_______ clear warnings

before firing any shots.

A. to issue 　　 　 B. being issued 　　　　 C. to have issued 　　　　 D. to be issued

例1、The discovery of new evidence led to _________.

A. the thief having caught　　　 B. catch the thief

C. the thief being caught　　　　 D. the thief to be caught

答案为C。

[解析]　 lead to这个词组中to是介词，后面跟名词，于是B被排除，the thief是动名词逻辑上的主语，构成动名词的复合结构，与catch之间应是被动关系，故排除A。常见的带介词to的短语有：(get) be used to, look forward to，look up to, stick to, object to, be devoted to, pay attention to等。

例2、Though _______money, his parents managed to send him to university.

A. lacked　　　　 B. lacking of　　　　　 C. lacking　　　 D. lacked in

答案为C。　

[解析]　 lack是及物动词，后接宾语money。his parents与lack是逻辑上的主谓关系，要用现在分词作状语。译文：虽然缺钱，他的父母亲还是设法让他上了大学。

例3、He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk ____ the good opportunity.

A. to lose 　　　　 B. losing 　　　　　　　　　　 C. to be lost 　　　　 D. being lost

答案：B

[解析]　 risk后面只能带动名词做宾语，含义为“冒……之险”。

例4、　　　 _____ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin.

A. Exposed　　 B. Having exposed　　 C. Being exposed　　　 D. After being exposed

答案为C。

[解析]　 在非谓语动词中，用动名词或不定式来作主语，而分词和介词短语不能作主语，因此A、D被排除。在这个句子中，will do是谓语，缺少主语，要用动名词作主语。expose与one's skin是动宾关系，所以要用动名词的被动式being exposed。译文：在阳光下晒太长时间对人的皮肤有坏处。

例5、____ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.

　 　A. Put 　　　　　 B. Putting 　　　　　　　　　 C. Having put　　　　 D. Being put

答案：A　

[解析]　 put sth. into use “让……投入使用”。显然，put 和句子主语the hotline 构成被动关系，所以用表示被动的过去分词。

例6、It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just ____ a look at the sports stars.

A. had 　　　　　 B. having 　　　　　　　　　　 C. to have 　　　　　　 D. have

答案：C

[解析]　 动词不定式充当目的状语。

例7、With a lot of difficult problems _______, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.

A. settled　　　　 B. settling　　　　 C. to settle　　　　 D. being settled　

答案为C　

[解析]动词不定式to settle作为difficult problems的定语表示现在或将来要解决的难题；过去分词settle作定语表示已经解决的难题，现在分词的被动式being settled作定语表示正在解决的难题。

例8、More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, ____ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.

A. taking 　　　　　 B. taken　　　　　　　　　　　 C. having taken　　　 D. having been taken

答案：A

[解析]　 take advantage of (利用)和句子主语More and more people 构成主动关系，且和句子谓语sign up for　 (报名参加)同时发生，所以选择A。

例9、　　　 Sandy could do nothing but ________ to his teacher that he was wrong.

A. admit　　　　 B. admitted　　　　 C. admitting　　 D. to admit

答案为A。

[解析]　 该句中的but是介词，后接动词不定式。当谓语动词是do，does或did时，后接不带to的不定式；是其他动词时，后接带to的不定式。该句的谓语是could do nothing，要填动词原形admit。译文：山德不得不向老师承认自己错了。

例10、　 He sent me an e-mail, ________ to get further information.

A. hoped　　　 B. hoping　　　　 C. to hope　　　 D. hope

答案为B。

[解析]　 现在分词hoping表示与send me an e-mail同时发生的动作。一些考生认为应该填不定式作目的状语。不定式作目的状语时，句子的正确形式是：He sent me an e-mail to get further information.不需要hope一词，如果要选择“hoped”时，句子的正确形式是：He sent me an e-mail and hoped to get further information。“hope”和“sent”作并列谓语。

第三节 巩固练习

Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence.

1. _____ anything about the accident ,he went to work as usual. 　 A. Not known 　 　　 B. Known not 　　　 C. Knowing not 　　　　 D. Not knowing 2. -Have you decided when_____? 　 -Yes, tomorrow morning. 　 A. to leave 　　　　　　　　 B. to be leaving 　　　　　　　 C. will you leave 　 D. are you leaving 3. I really enjoy_____ that kind of job. 　 A. do　 　　　　　　　　 B. doing　 　 　　　　　　 C. to do　 　　　　 D. to be doing 4. -There’s a hole in your bag. 　 -l know. I am going to have it_____. 　 A. mend　 　　　　　　　　　　 B. mending　　 　　　　　　 C. mended　　 　　　 D. to be mended 5. The next morning she found the man in bed, _____ dead. 　 A. lying 　　 　　　 B. lie　 　 　　　　　　 C. lay　 　 　　　 D. laying 6. Tell him_____ the window. 　 A. to shut not 　　　　　 B. not to shut 　 　　 C. to not shut 　　 D. not shut 7. The furniture ______on October 15 was seriously damaged because of a road accident . 　 A. being delivered　　　　　　　　　　 　　 B. having delivered　

　 C. having been delivered　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　 D. delivered 8. He had his leg_____ in the match yesterday. 　 A. to break 　　　　　　　　 B. broken　 　　　　　　 C. break　 　　　　　　　 D. breaking 9. I can’t imagine_____ that with them. 　 A. do　 　　　　　　　　 B. to do　 　　　　　　 C. being done 　　 D. doing 10. Most of the people_____ to the party were famous scientists. 　 A. invited 　　　　　 B. to invite　 　　　　　　　　　　 C. being invited 　　 D. inviting 11. -Good morning. Can I help you? 　　-I’d like to have this package_____, madam. 　 A. be weighed 　　　 B. to be weighed 　　 C. to weigh 　　 D. weighed 12. Slowly she opened the letter, _____. 　 A. her hands trembled slightly 　　　　　　　　 B. slightly her hands were trembled

C. her hands slightly trembling　　　 　　　　　　 C. trembling her hands slightly 13. All ______will be present at the conference . 　 A. parties concerned　　　　　　　　 　　　　 B. parties concerning　

　C. concerned parties　　 　　　　　　　　　　 D. concerning parties 14. _____ more attention, the trees could have grown better. 　 A. Given 　　　　　　 B. To give　 　 　　　　　 C. Giving 　　 　　　 D. Having given 15. She reached the top of the hill and stopped_____ on a big rock by the side of the path. 　 A. to have rested 　 B. resting 　　　　　　 C. to rest 　　 D. rest 16. Last summer I took a course on_______. 　 A. how to make dresses　 　　 　　　　　　　　 B. how dresses be made 　 C. how to be made dresses　 　　　　　　　　　 D. how dresses to be made 17. The murderer was brought in, with his hands_____ behind his back. 　 A. being tied 　　　 B. having tied 　 　　 C. to be tied 　 　　 D. tied 18. The secretary worked late into the night, _____ a long speech for the president. 　 A. to prepare 　　　 B. preparing 　　 　 C. prepared 　 D. was preparing 19. I can hardly imagine Peter_____ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. 　 A. sail　 　 　　　　　　 B. to sail　　 　　　　　　　 C. sailing 　　 D. to have sailed 20. -The light in the office is still on. 　　 -Oh, I forgot_____. 　 A. turning it off 　 　 B. turn it off　 　　　　　　　　　　 C. to turn it off　 　 D. having turned it off 21. The Olympic Games, ______ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912. 　 A. first playing 　　　 B. to be first played 　　 C. first played 　　　 D. to be first playing 22. Not having finished his homework, _____ to watch the game.

　A. so he was forbidden　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. he forbade

C. he was forbidden　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. mother forbid him 23. The _____ world population is the result of recent advances in medical science. 　 A. increased　 　　　　 B. increase　 　　　 C. being increasing D. Increasing 24. _____ it with me and I’ll see what I can do. 　 A. When left 　　　 B. Leaving　 　 　　　 C. If you leave 　 D. Leave 25. Cleaning women in big cities usually get______ by the hour. 　 A. pay　 　　　　　　　 B. paying　 　　 　　 C. paid　　 　　　　　 D. to pay 26. European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world. 　 A. making 　　 　 B. makes　　 　　　　　　 C. made　　 　　　　 D. to make 27. Robert is said_____ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in. 　 A. to have studied 　　 B. to study　 　　　　　　　　 C. to be studying 　 D. to have been studying 28. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _____ it more difficult. 　 A. not make 　 　　 B. not to make　　 　　　　　　　 C. not making 　 D. do not make 29. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door, ______ “Sorry to miss you; will

　call later.” 　 A. read　　 　　　　　　　　　　 B. reads　　 　　　　　　　 C. to read 　　 D. reading 30. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what______ in my new job. 　 A. expected 　　　　 B. to expect　 　　　　 C. to be expecting D. expects 31. It is impossible to avoid ______by advertisements in a modern society. 　A. to be influenced 　 B. being influenced　 　 C. to influence　 　 D. influenced 32. Some people believe that some numbers show the ______side of a person’s personality. 　A. hiding　　 　　　　　 B. hid　 　　　　　　　　　　 　　　 C. hidden　　 　　　　　　　 D. hide 33 -How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? 　 -key ______ the problem is to meet the demand _______ by the customers. 　A. to solving…making 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. to solving…made

C. to solve…making 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. to solve…made 34. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains______ whether they

will enjoy it. 　A. to see　　 　　　　　　 B. to be seen 　　　　　 C. seeing　 　　　　　　　　 D. seen 35. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows______. 　A. it what to do with 　　　 B. what to do it with　 　 C. what to do with it　　　 D. to do what with it 36. The research is so designed that once______ nothing can be done to change it. 　A. begins　 　　　　　 B. having begun 　　　　　 C. beginning 　　　　 D. begun 37. The teacher asked us______ so much noise. 　A. don’t make 　　 B. not make 　 　　　　　　　 C. not making 　　　　 D. not to make 38. ______ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player. 　A. Having given 　　 B. To give 　　　　　 C. Giving　 　　　　　　　　 D. Given 39. Walking past the park, I couldn’t help ______some children flying kites. 　A. stop to watch　　 B. stopping watch　 　　 C. stopping to watch　 　 D. to stop to watch 40. Generally speaking, ______ according to directions, the drug has no side-effect. 　A. when taking 　 B. when taken 　　　　 C. when to take 　　　　 D. when to be taken

10. 分词作状语时， 分词的逻辑主语要与句子的主语相一致。若它们之间的关系是主谓关系，用现在分词，而动宾关系则用过去分词。如果分词的动作先于谓语，分词要用完成时。

　 例如：Having finished his composition, he went home.

　　　　 While looking through the paper, he found some errors.

9. 如果分词短语的逻辑主语与句子不是相同的，则要用从句或分词独立主格结构来表示。

　 例如：Weather permitting, we will go to the Center Park.

8. 分词的完成式一般不用来作定语，因此，要表示完成主动的意思常用定语从句。

例如：The accident which happened yesterday was very serious.

7. 在介词后一般用动名词作宾语，但在少数介词，如but, except后用动词不定式作宾语，但要注意“to”的省略，如but前有“do”则省去“to”。

　 例如：I have done nothing but help him with his luggage.

　　　　 I have no choice but to wait for him at the bus stop.

6. 在动词need, want, require后用动名词表示被动含义，相当于动词不定式的被动式；而用动词不定式的主动式表示主动含义。

　 例如：The house needs cleaning. = The house needs to be cleaned.

　　　　 He needs to clean the house first.

5. 在表示情绪的动词，如like, love, hate, prefer等后，用动名词作宾语表示一般倾向，用不定式表示特定某事。但在would/should like/love/prefer后要用不定式

　 例如：I hate eating the same food every day.

　　　　 Would you like to watch TV in the evening?

4．不定式的被动式有两种形式：to be done表示将要被做，to have been done表示已被做。

例如：The new cinema to be put up next year will be very large.

The cinema is said to have been built last year.