1、答案:broke。解析:此处考查一般过去式及动词不规则变化的用法。句子属于典型句型be doing …when…结构,在when引导的句子中谓语要使用一般过去时,空格处单词是谓语功能,所以使用break的过去式broken。
3、括号内提供的是名词
当括号内提供的是名词时,一般判断考查形容词,如:
There, my voice sounds really__________(wonder) because there’s a slight echo to it.
答案:wonderful。解释:括号内提供的是名词,但此空作系动词sounds的表语,所以要使用形容词形式。
但有时也可能考查副词、动词等。如:
A certain man planted a rose and watered it________( faith) and before it blossomed, he examined it.
答案:faithfully。解释:括号内提供的是名词,但此空是作状语,修饰动词water,所以要变成副词。注意:先将名词faith变成形容词faithful,然后再变成副词faithfully。
[实例分析]
实例1: (广东卷)
I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car 1 (break) down near a remote and poor village. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 2 should have the honor of receiving me 3 a guest in their house. Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house. While she was getting me 4 (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to 5 small town some 20 kilometres away 6 there was a garage.
I had noticed three hens running free in my hostess's courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table. 7 villagers brought me goat's cheese and honey. We drank together and talked 8 (merry) till far into the night.
When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman 9 the trouble I had caused 10 .
短文解读:本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了作者在外旅行的一次经历。大意是:在一个穷乡僻壤的小山村附近,作者的车坏了。幸运的是,他受到了村民的热情款待,并在一老太太家里度过了一个愉快的晚上。
[答案与解析]
2、括号内提供的是形容词或副词
如果括号内提供的是形容词,一般是判断考查副词,即要变成副词形式;如果括号内提供的是副词,一般是判断考察形容词,即要变成形容词形式。如:
“Thirty-five cents,” she said___________(rude).
答案:rudely。解释:此处考查副词作状语的用法。括号内提供的是形容词,要用来修饰动词said,所以要使用副词形式。
但有时也要根据语境判断是否要变成名词或否定含义。如:
At last, her courage and _________(wise) impressed both the CEO and Princeton University.
答案:wisdom。解释:括号内提供的是形容词,但此空与前面的名词courage是并列成分,一起充当主语,所以要使用名词形式wisdom。
1、括号内提供的是动词
当括号内提供的是动词时,主要要判断是谓语还是非谓语。
(1)当考查的是谓语时,首先要判断其时态和语态。如:
Since Hong Kong ________(rejoin) China in 1997, more student from the Chinese mainland have chosen to study there.
答案:rejoined。解释:此处考查作谓语的动词形式。根据主句的时态have chosen及从句的时间状语in 1997,此空动词应该是一般过去时态。
(2)如果考查非谓语,要判断非谓语在句中的成分,根据不同成分使用适当的形式,其中使用ing形式和ed形式居多,有时也考查to do, to be done, having done等形式或名词,如:
Ten years ago, Jessica Cheung was only 13. _________(live) with her parents in Hong Kong, she knew little putonghua.
答案:Living。解释:此处考查作非谓语的动词形式。动词live(生活)作原因状语,与逻辑主语she是主动关系,所以使用现在分词living。
4、根据固定搭配、典型句型确定动词、名词、介词等
固定搭配的短语及习惯用法是属于比较简单的考点,只要平时注意积累基本上就能答对。
如:
Volunteer work plays an important _______in America’s high school education.
答案:part。解释:此处考查短语play a part in的搭配用法。
但要有时命题者会在设计时增加一些难度,在短语之间插入其他一些成分,或将固定连用的短语分隔开来,这一点也需注意。
Some parents tried to pull him off the school’s ruins, saying, “It’s too late! They are all dead! There is nothing you can do!” ________each parent he responded with the same line: “Are you going to help me now?” And then he continued to dig for his son, stone by stone.
答案:To。解释:此处考查短语respond to的固定搭配。由于宾语each parent放在了句首,短语被拆开,所以难度加大了许多。
3、根据句子类型确定词类
若两个或几个简单句之间是逗号,可以判断,一定是填连词。连词有两类,一种是并列连词,一种是从属连词。我们可以根据句子的类型判断所要填的词类。主要有以下几种句型:
(1) 并列句:并列句一般由简单句+并列连词+简单句构成,有时并列连词前有逗号,可以根据上下句的内在联系判断连词,如同等关系(and)、转折关系(but)、选择关系(or)、因果关系(so)等。如:
“There are many mainland students at my university and all the other universities in Hong Kong. These students could not speak Cantonese at first, ______ I had to speak putonghua to make friends with them” said Chueng.
答案:so。解释:根据上下句的语义可以判断是因果关系,所以使用so。句意为“这些学生不会讲广州话,所以,为了跟他们交朋友,我不得不讲普通话”。
(2) 状语从句:当确定为状语从句后,就要通过语境理解,判断上下文的逻辑关系是时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的或其他,最后确定从属连词。如:
_______the sun came out, he looked down and laughed. There was no abyss. Just six inches down there was a rock.
答案:As/When。解释:根据前后两个都是简单句可以判断是缺从属连词,从第一句的含义来看,是表示时间的状语从句,所以使用as/when。
(3) 名词性从句:当确定为名词性从句后,可以分析从句是否缺主语、宾语或表语,如果缺以上成分,一般情况下要使用what,有时可能使用who/whom或which;如果不缺以上成分,则考虑句子意思是否完整,完整的句子可以使用that,意思不完整的则考虑where, why, how, because等。如:
I was in the train sitting opposite a middle-aged couple. They were ordinary in every respect, but ______ they did touched me deeply.
答案:what。解释:此处考查主语从句的引导词。从句中缺表示物的主语,所以使用what。
(4)定语从句:当确定为定语从句后,首先要看看先行词指人、物、时间、地点,还是其他,然后判断引导词在从句中的成分,再根据定语从句的有关规则确定使用哪个引导词。如:
However, Cheung, _______ graduated from Hong Kong Baptist University this summer, has found that now she needs putonghua more than ever.
答案:who。解释:此处考查非限制性定语从句的引导词的用法。由于先行词是人Cheung(张),引导词在从句中作主语,所以使用who。
2、根据句子成分确定词性
对于纯空格形式的填空,在确定词义后,还要判断所填词的词性。词性的判断主要是通过分析句子的成分来确定。一般情况下可以作如下分析:
(1)主语和宾语一般由名词、代词充当,有时也有动名词、不定式短语。如:
From Monday until Friday, most people are busy working or studying, but in the evening or on weekends they are free to relax and enjoy _____.
答案:themselves。解释:此处考查代词作宾语的用法。根据句子结构,句子的主语是they,谓语是are free,to relax and enjoy _____是目的状语,在这个状语中缺宾语,再根据语境“周末时自由放松”,所以要使用反身代词themselves。
(2)谓语主要是由动词充当。在确定词义后,要判断其时态和语态。由于题目要求每空只填一词,所以时态一般只考查一般现在时和一般过去时。如:
She is the one who always takes his sorrow as her own sorrow, the one who always _________ by his side whether he is poor or rich.
答案:stands。解释:此处考查作谓语的动词,根据语境,此空含义是“站在(他身边)”,即 stand 。同时根据前后句的时态可以判断要使用一般现在时,由于主语是she,所以使用第三人称单数stands。
但有时也可能涉及非谓语动词,如:
At midnight, I woke up to find the wife ________ soundly in her man’s embrace. I could see the smile of security on her face.
答案:sleeping。解释:此处考查语境理解及宾补结构的用法。根据语境“半夜我醒来时发现那人的妻子正在她的男人的怀抱中熟睡”,所以使用动词sleep的现在分词形式充当补语。
(3)表语、定语和补语一般由形容词充当,有时也有动名词、现在分词和过去分词等。如:
Every year, on Spring Festival Eve, CCTV broadcasts its Spring Festival Gala___________ to millions of viewers.
答案:live。解释:此处考查语境理解及形容词充当补语的用法。broadcast…live意为“现场直播”。
(4)状语主要由副词充当。如:
He dug for 12 hours…24 hours. _______,in the 38th hour, he pulled back a large stone and heard his son’s voice.
答案:Eventually /Finally。解释:此处考查语境理解及副词充当状语的用法。从语境可以理解到此空含义是“终于,最后”,由于是修饰后面的整个句子,所以使用副词形式。
1、根据语境判断词义
通过句意或语篇的要求确定单词的含义,此种设计考查点包括实词和虚词。值得注意的是,有时通过句子本身或上下两个句子就可以确定词义,但有时要通过几个句子、一个段落甚至整个篇章结构才能确定。
判断词义可以通过定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定。
(1)定义法:定义法是指通过定义解释、定语从句、同位语等判断词义,这类词主要是名词,如:
We are all in the position of the_______. If we plant a good seed, we will get a good harvest. If our seed is poor and full of weeds, we’ll get a useless crop. If we don’t plant anything, we’ll harvest nothing at all.
答案:farmer。解释:通过后面句子的含义解释可以确定空格词义是“农夫、农民”,特别是几个关键词“plant, seed, harvest”与farmer的工作特点是完全一致的。
(2)对比法:对比法指通过句子的对比关系来判断所缺单词的词义,通常可以通过一些连词或副词来判断,如but, or, however, while, on the contrary, on the other hand等。如:
There are more _____________ teachers in my schools than men teachers.
答案:women。解释:通过对比后面的men teachers可以确定空格词义是“女性的”,即名词women作定语修饰teachers。
(3)因果法:指通过句子的内在联系或句子之间存在的因果关系来判断词义。如:
The museum was so______ that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.
答案:large。解释:根据结果状语从句的含义“不可能一天之内看完所有的展品”可以判断主句指的原因是“博物馆太大了”。
(4)语境线索:即通过上下语境确定空格内要填的词义。如:
One day mother looked at Nick’s shoes and said, “Nick, look at your shoes. How _____ they are! You must clean them”.
答案:dirty。解释:根据语境“看看你的鞋子、你必须把它们弄干净”可以判断空格处词义是“脏的”,句意是“你的鞋子是多么脏!”。
(四)下图是“某城市简图”。当地夏半年盛行东南风,冬半年盛行东北风。读图,完成下列要求。(12分)
64.该城市商业区、工业区、居住区、绿地分别应布局在图中A、B、C、D的哪一个位置?
商业区
工业区
居住区
绿地 其作用是
65.该城市水厂、污水处理厂、重型机器厂和印刷厂分别应布局在图中①、②、③、④的哪一个位置?
水厂 理由是
污水处理厂
重型机器厂
印刷厂
66.在A、B、C、D四区中,土地价格最高的应是____区。理由是
(五)根据我们学过的地理知识,比较新兴工业区与传统工业区的差异。 (从工业分布、工业部门、生产规模、生产过程、资本集中程度等方面考虑,至少四个方面,以画图、列表、文字描述等方式均可):(4分)
(三)读“1984-1995年我国流动人口数量的变动图”(下右图),完成下列要求:(12分)
60.从图中看出这一时期,流动人口数量呈 的趋势。
61.这一时期人口迁移和流动的主要方向:
①
②
③
62. 这一时期的主要人口迁入地区有
这些地区的拉力因素主要有
63.人口的迁移对迁入地和迁出地的影响分别是
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