2. agree with, agree to, agree on

　 (1) ① agree with 的意思是“同意”，“赞成”。后面常接表示人或意见(看法)的名词或代词作宾语。Does she agree with us? 她同意我们的意见吗?

　 ② agree with 还有“与……一致”，“(气候、食物等)适　 合”的意思。His words do not agree with his actions.他言行不一致。Too much meat doesn't agree with her.吃太多肉食对她身体不合适。

　 [注意]agree with不能用于被动语态。

　 (2) agree to 意为“同意”，“赞成”，后面跟表示“提议”，“办法”，“计划”，“安排”等的名词或代词。Please agree to this arrangement.请同意这个安排。

　 (3) agree on 表示“对……取得一致意见”，指两方或多方就某个问题取得了一致的意见或是达成了某种协议。After discussion the two sides agreed on a cease-fire. 经过讨论，双方就停火问题达成了协议。

1. spend, cost, take, pay, pay for

　 (1) spend的主语必须是“人”，宾语可以是钱、精力、时间等，其后用on+名词或用in(可省略) + 动名词形式，不接不定式。He spends much money on books. 他平时将很多钱用在买书上。/ He spent a lot of money (in) buying a new car. 他花很多钱买一辆新车。

　 (2) cost的主语必须是“物”或“事”，表示“费用”、“耗费”，后接life，money，health，time等，侧重于“花费”的代价。The book cost him one dollar. 这本书用了他一美元。/ Making experiments like this costs much time and labor. 做这样的实验要花很多时间和劳力。

　 [注意]cost后不能与具体的时间长度连用，只能与表示抽象概念的时间短语连用。如：some time, much time, ten years of hard work 等。可说It cost him ten years of work. 不可说It cost him ten years to work.

(3) take 表示“花费”时，其主语一般是“一件事”，有时主语也可以是人，它说明事情完成“花费了……”。 It took me ten minutes to go to the post office.到邮局用去了我十分钟时间。/ The producer took two years to make the film.　 制片商用了两年时间拍这部新影片。

　[说明] take...to do sth. 句型侧重完成该动作花费的时间，而spend...doing sth. 有时并不说明动作的完成。It took him an hour to read the book.他用一小时读完了这本书。/ He spent an hour (in) reading the book.他用了一小时读这本书。(是否读完并未说明)

　 (4) pay 的基本意思是“支付”，作为及物动词，宾语可　 以是“人”、“钱”。He paid the taxi and hurried to the station.　 他付了出租车的钱，急忙向车站赶去。We'll pay you in a few days. 几天后我们会给你钱。

　 (5) pay for的宾语为“物”、“事”，for 表示支付的原因。　 You'll have to pay me ten dollars a week for your meals.你得每周付给我十美元饭钱。

　 [注意]

(1)下面两句中pay for的意义不同。Of course we have to pay for what we buy.当然我们买东西得付钱。Don't worry about money. I'll pay for you. 别担心钱，我会替你付的。

　 (2) pay the bill 付账；pay taxes 纳税；pay wages 发工资

　 以上pay后不能加for

5. Tom's interests include basketball, bowling, and surfing the Web as good as studying his favorable subjects.

☆词语比较☆

4. He has devoted his whole life to benefit mankind.

3. Eat too much fat can lead to heart disease and cause high blood pressure.

2. I suppose Robert is fit the job in case he can put his mind to it.

1. In generally, most teenagers now listen to rock music. However, Jonah prefers classical music.

10. 含介词 to 的短语

(1) according to 根据……所说

(2) adapt to 适应

(3) come to oneself 苏醒，恢复知觉

(4) devote...to 献身于……，专心于……

(5) get to 到达

(6) give birth to 生(孩子)

(7) lead to 通向，导致

(8) listen to 听

(9) make one's way to... 往……走

(10) make a contribution to 贡献给，捐赠

(11) on one's way to 在……途中

(12) owe...to...把……归功于……

(13) point to 指向……

(14) prefer...to... 喜欢……胜似……；宁愿干……而不愿

　 千……

(15) to one's surprise 令(某人)惊讶

(16) say goodbye to 告别，告辞

(17) thanks to 由于，多亏

(18) get down to 着手

(19) belong to 属于

(20) pay attention to 注意

(21) stick to 坚持

(22) object to 反对

(23) be opposed to 反对

(24) refer to 参阅，涉及

[例句]Everyone should make a contribution to a charity collection. 每个人都应该给慈善事业捐赠。/ At first I couldn't see anything when l stepped out of the room，but my eyes adapted to the dark bit by bit. 我刚走出房间时，起初什么也看不到，但是慢慢地我的眼睛适应了漆黑的环境。/ Thanks to the arrival of the police, the murderer was caught. 由于警察的赶到凶手才被捉住。/ We owe our great achievements to the correct leadership of the Party. 我们把取得的伟大成就归功于党的正确领导。/ After I graduated from university, l continued to devote myself to research. 我大学毕业后继续进行研究。/ Too much work and too little rest often leads to illness. 劳动量大且休息得很少经常导致疾病。

[考例](2004湖北) Once a decision has been made, all of us should ____ it.

　　 A. direct to　　 B. stick to　 C. lead to　 D. refer to

[考查目标]此题主要考查四个短语的用法。

[答案与解析]B　 direct to 指引，指导；stick to 坚持；lead to 通向，导致；refer to 提到，谈到，参考。本句话意思是“一旦做出决定，就应该坚持”。

[考例](2005浙江) The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without ____ his notes.

　　 A. bringing up　　 B. referring to

　　 C. looking for　　 D. trying on

[考查目标]此题主要考查四个短语的意思及用法。

[答案与解析]B　 refer to 意为“参照，提到”；bring up意为“抚养，养育”；look for 意为“寻找”；try on 意为“试穿”。题意“主席在商务会议上做了将近一小时的发言没有看稿。”

[牛刀小试2]

句子改错，每句仅一处错误。

9. take measures

　 (1) measure ① 名词“措施，办法”，take measures to do something 采取措施做某事；②名词“最度，尺寸” make clothes to one's own measure 根据某人的尺寸做衣服；名词“计量单位”。We must take necessary measures to solve these problems one by one.我们必须采取必要的措施逐个解决这些问题。/ I went to the tailor's to make a suit to my own measure last week. 上周我去裁缝店量体做一套衣服。/ A meter is a measure of length. 米是长度单位。

　 (2) measure 既可以用作及物动词也可以用作不及物动词，意思是“量，测量”。 My mother is measuring me for clothes. 我妈妈在给我量尺寸做衣服。/ It measures easily if spread on the table. 要是把它铺在桌子上，量起来可更容易些。

　[注意]表示“采取措施做某事”还可以用do something / things to do something。We must do something to prevent SARS. 我们必须采取措施预防非典型性肺炎。/Have you done anything to deal with that problem? 你采取措施解决那个问题了吗?

8. stay in touch with = keep in touch with 与……保持联系(状态) The salesman stays / keeps in touch with the office by phone. 推销员通过电话与办公室保持联系。

　[短语]be in touch with 和…有联系(状态)；get in touch with 和…取得联系(动作) ；lose touch with 和…失去联系(动作)；be out of touch with 和…失去联系(状态)