位置特征分析,就是通过分析命题特点,将元素放到周期表中的准确位置,然后利用类比法或利用周期律对元素性质进行合理的推断,从而使问题得到解决。
[例1] 已知短周期元素的离子aA2+、bB+ 、cC3-、dD-都具有相同的电子层结构,则下列叙述中正确的是( )
A、原子半径 A>B>C>D B、 原子序数d>c>b>a
C、离子半径 C>D>B>A D、 非金属性 A>B>D>C
解析:由aA2+、bB+ 、cC3-、dD-都具有相同的电子层结构,得出A、B、C、D在周期表中的位置为:
由周期表中的递变规律可知:原子半径:B>A>C>D ; 原子序数:a>b>d>c ; 离子半径:C>D>B>A ;非金属性:D>C>A>B 。综上答案为C。
一种元素的位置、性质、结构之间存在着必然联系,若能将命题中涉及到的元素准确定位,巧妙比较,会使问题迅速解决。
100.You ____ the book to me.You can keep it if you like.
A.can't return B.needn't have returned C.may not return D.can't have returned
巩固练习答案:
1-5 ADBAA 6-10 A DABD 11~15 BACBC 16~20 ADAAC 21~25 ACBBB
26~30 ABBCC 31~35 DDBAB 36-40 CBCDB 41-45 DACBD 46--50 DCBBB
51-- 55 CDAAB 56--60 BBCBA 61--65 DCAAA 66--70 DDDCB 71--75 BDCDD
76--80 CABCD 81--85BCCCC 86--90BADBA 91--95 CBBBB 96--100 CBACB
99.I don't know what's the m atter.The train____here an hour ago.
A.shall arrive B.should arrive C.should have arrived D.ought have arrived
98.I can't find my umbrella.I ____it at the office.
A.could have left B.can leave C.should have left D.shall have
97.Li Ming ____ to visit his maths teacher last night.(but I am not sure)
A.must have gone B.might have gone C.might go D.may go
96.I didn't hear the phone.I ____ asleep.
A.must be B.should be C.must have been D.should have been
95. Sorry, I am late again. I ____ have taken a taxi to come here.
A. need B. should C. will D.must
94. ---Shall I tell Li Ming about it? ---No, you _____, he has known-about it already.
A. oughtn't to B. needn't C. shouldn't D. mustn't
93. ---I hear you've got a set of valuable Australian coins. ____ I have a look? ---Yes, certainly.
A. Do B. May C. Shall D. Should
92. Sir, you ____ be sitting in this seat. It is for women or childen only.
A. can't B. oughtn't to C. won't D. needn't
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