1、光的干涉现象:
频率相同,振动方向一致,相差恒定(步调差恒定)的两束光, 在相遇的区域出现了稳定相间的加强区域和减弱区域的现象。
(1)产生干涉的条件:
①若S1、S2光振动情况完全相同,则符合 ,(n=0、1、2、3…)时,出现亮条纹;
②若符合,((n=0,1,2,3…)时, 出现暗条纹。相邻亮条纹(或相邻暗条纹)之间的中央间距为。
(2)熟悉条纹特点
中央为明条纹,两边等间距对称分布明暗相间条纹。
[例1]有关偏振和偏振光的下列说法中正确的有 (BD)
A.只有电磁波才能发生偏振,机械波不能发生偏振
B.只有横波能发生偏振,纵波不能发生偏振
C.自然界不存在偏振光,自然光只有通过偏振片才能变为偏振光
D.除了从光源直接发出的光以外,我们通常看到的绝大部分光都是偏振光
解:机械能中的横波能发生偏振。自然光不一定非要通过偏振片才能变为偏振光。本题应。
[例2].下列有关光现象的说法中正确的是 ( AC )
A.在太阳光照射下,水面上油膜出现彩色花纹是光的色散现象
B.在光的双缝干涉实验中,若仅将入射光由绿光改为红光,则干涉条纹间距变窄
C.光异纤维丝内芯材料的折射率比外套材料的折射率大
D.光的偏振现象说明光是一种纵波
3、 激光
(1)激光的定义:
(2)激光的特点及应用:
①频率单一;
②相干性好;
③平行度好(方向性好);
④亮度高(能在很小空间、很短时问内集中很大的能量)。
2、偏振光的产生方式:
(1)偏振光的理论意义
(2)应用:利用偏振滤光片摄影、观看立体电影等。
1、自然光和偏振光的定义
(1)光的偏振
偏振光:自然光通过偏振片后,在垂直于传播方向的平面上,只沿一个特定的方向振动,叫偏振光。
①光的偏振也证明了光是一种波,而且是横波。各种电磁波中电场E的方向、磁场B的方向和电磁波的传播方向之间,两两互相垂直。
②光波的感光作用和生理作用主要是由电场强度E引起的,因此将E的振动称为光振动。
③自然光。太阳、电灯等普通光源直接发出的光,包含垂直于传播方向上沿一切方向振动的光,而且沿各个方向振动的光波的强度都相同,这种光叫自然光。
自然光射到两种介质的界面上,如果光的入射方向合适,使反射和折射光之间的夹角恰好是90°,这时,反射光和折射光就都是偏振光,且它们的偏振方向互相垂直。我们通常看到的绝大多数光都是偏振光。
The only survivor of a shipwreck was washed up on a small,uninhabited island.He prayed __1__ for God to rescue him,and every day he __2__ the horizon for help,but no one seemed forthcoming.
__3__,he eventually managed to build a little __4__ out of driftwood to protect him from the elements,and to __5__ his few possessions.
But then one day,after __6__ for food,he arrived home to find his little hut in __7__,the smoke rolling up to the __8__.The worst had happened:everything was __9__.He was fainted with grief and __10__. “God,how could you do this to me!” he __11__.
Early the next day,however,he was __12__ by the sound of a ship that was __13__ the island.It had come to __14__ him. “How did you know I was here?” asked the __15__ man of his rescuers. “We saw your smoke __16__,” they replied.
It is easy to get __17__ when things are going __18__.But we shouldn’t lose __19__.Remember,next time your little hut is __20__ to the ground it just may be a smoke signal that calls for help.
1.A.gladly B.madly C.regularly D.loudly
解析:从“The only survivor of a shipwreck was washed up on a small,uninhabited island.”知道,这个人是遇到船失事,所以当他来到一个荒无人烟的岛上时,他拼命地祈求上帝来拯救他。
答案:B
2.A.researched B.broadened C.scanned D.expanded
解析:根据后面的the horizon for help知道,这个人每天都观察地平线,渴望有船只出现。
答案:C
3.A.Panicked B.Excited C.Hungered D.Tired
解析:结合前面的“but none seemed forth coming”知道,始终没有人来,所以他很疲惫。
答案:D
4.A.hut B.tent C.house D.palace
解析:从第三段的“find his little hut”知道,是hut。
答案:A
5.A.gather B.hide C.store D.collect
解析:这个人修建了一间小木屋,目的防风避雨,并且储存自己的那点财产。
答案:C
6.A.preparing B.hunting C.hoping D.asking
解析:根据后面的for food知道,这个人去寻找食物。
答案:B
7.A.messes B.tears C.ruins D.flames
解析:根据后面的“the smoke rolling up to the sky”知道,是浓烟升到了空中,in flames表示他的小木屋失火了。
答案:D
8.A.sky B.roof C.air D.chimney
解析:木屋的火当然是升到空中了,所以sky正确。
答案:A
9.A.done B.hurt C.lost D.damaged
解析:由前面的“hut in flames”知道,他所有的财产都失去了,被火焚烧殆尽。
答案:C
10.A.satisfaction B.anger C.comfort D.trouble
解析:因为他的小木屋被火烧了,所以这个人应该很生气,故选B项。
答案:B
11.A.apologized B.asked C.said D.cried
解析:从前面的“how could you do this to me”知道,这个人大声地叫嚷。
答案:D
12.A.awakened B.bothered C.revived D.affected
解析:根据“Early the next day”知道,是一大清晨,所以这个人被吵醒了。
答案:A
13.A.harboring B.colliding C.approaching D.circling
解析:指船逼近这个岛。
答案:C
14.A.inform B.rescue C.employ D.arrest
解析:船来到这里当然是为了拯救他。
答案:B
15.A.article B.responsible C.nosy D.weary
解析:“weary man”表示一个精疲力竭的人。
答案:D
16.A.signal B.sign C.symbol D.mark
解析:根据最后一段的“a smoke signal”知道,是火的信号。
答案:A
17.A.inspired B.discouraged C.impressed D.addicted
解析:结合后面的when things are going bad知道,人们在遇到不幸的时候很容易灰心丧气,所以B项符合题意。
答案:B
18.A.dead B.well C.bad D.wrong
解析:从前面的“It is easy to get discouraged”知道,容易使人灰心丧气,应该是在事情变坏的时候。
答案:C
19.A.heart B.soul C.strength D.dignity
解析:lose heart是固定词组,表示“灰心”的意思。
答案:A
20.A.moldering B.building C.trembling D.burning
解析:从“it just may be a smoke signal that calls for help”知道,hut失火(burning)。
答案:D
5.The work took us a week to finish.
→It took us a week to finish the work.
→We spent a week on the work.
→We spent a week(in)finishing the work.
4.Some animals have to accommodate to changes in climate.
3.These reforms will not remove poverty and injustice.
2.We didn’t plan it like that but it worked out very well.
湖北省互联网违法和不良信息举报平台 | 网上有害信息举报专区 | 电信诈骗举报专区 | 涉历史虚无主义有害信息举报专区 | 涉企侵权举报专区
违法和不良信息举报电话:027-86699610 举报邮箱:58377363@163.com